By Hyunjoo Jin, Douglas Busvine and David Kirton 中国——汽车和电子设备从电视到智能手机制造商都对全球芯片短缺,敲警钟,导致生产延误是消费需求反弹的冠状病毒危机。 通过之前,道格拉斯Busvine和大卫·科顿
SEOUL\/BERLIN\/SHENZHEN: China - Makers of cars and electronic<\/a> devices<\/a> from TVs to smartphones<\/a> are sounding alarm bells about a global shortage of chips, which is causing manufacturing delays as consumer demand bounces back from the coronavirus crisis.
The problem has several causes, industry executives and analysts say, including bulk-buying by U.S. sanctions-hit Chinese tech giant Huawei<\/a> Technologies, a fire at a chip plant in Japan, coronavirus lockdowns in Southeast Asia, and a strike in France.
More fundamentally, however, there has been under-investment in 8-inch chip manufacturing plants owned mostly by Asian firms, which means they have struggled to ramp up production as demand for 5G phones, laptops<\/a> and cars picked up faster than expected.
\"For the whole electronics industry, we've been experiencing a shortage of components,\" said Donny Zhang, CEO of Shenzhen-based sourcing company Sand and Wave, who said he faced delays in obtaining a microcontroller unit that was key to a smart headphone product he was working on.
\"We were originally planning to complete production in one month, but now it looks like we'll need to do it in two.\"
A source at a Japanese electronics component supplier said it was seeing shortages of WiFi and Bluetooth chips and was expecting delays of more than 10 weeks.
The automotive industry in China, which flagged the issue earlier this month, is anticipating production at some Chinese carmakers to be affected in the first quarter of next year, according to a senior industry association official.
SURGING DEMAND
Consumer demand in China, especially for cars, has snapped back unexpectedly quickly from the coronavirus crisis, and orders for products such as laptops and mobile phones in regions still struggling with pandemic restrictions, such as Europe and the United States, have also picked up.
\"Since (these products) all compete for the same fab (fabrication plant) resources the shortage is across all of these sectors and others as well. These are just the most apparent right now,\" said Kevin Anderson, a senior analyst at Omdia.
Dutch automotive chip supplier NXP Semiconductors has told customers it must raise prices on all products because of a \"significant increase\" in materials costs and a \"severe shortage\" of chips, Reuters reported this month.
\"Business came back much faster than we expected,\" NXP CEO Kurt Sievers told German business daily Handelsblatt in an interview on Dec. 11. \"Many customers ordered too late. As a result, we are not able to keep up in some areas.\"
Other short-term triggers for the chip shortage<\/a> include stockpiling by telecoms giant Huawei ahead of mid-September when its suppliers had to comply with U.S. sanctions, CICC analyst Huang Leping said in a note on Dec. 11.
This was aggravated by Huawei's rivals such as Xiaomi<\/a> seeking to gain market share by stepping up orders of components, he added.
Xiaomi and Huawei declined to comment.
Electronics makers including Panasonic Corp and Yamaha Corp also warn they face some chip shortages that are slowing production of audio equipment and video cameras after a massive fire in October damaged a chip plant owned by Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corp (AKM), a unit of Asahi Kasei Corp, in southern Japan.
Concerns have surfaced too over strikes in France at chipmaker STMicroelectronics<\/a>.
Eric Potard, leader of the CFDT union at the group, said the strike resulted in a fall in activity of about 8%. STMicro, however, said it had no impact on production.
'FULL CAPACITY'
The surge in demand has meant 8-inch plants, which tend to make older, less sophisticated chips, are under strain, analysts and industry sources said.
Taiwan's TSMC dominates the market for contract chip manufacturing, with Samsung trailing a distance second, followed by the likes of SMIC<\/a>, GlobalFoundries and UMC, according to Trendforce data.
\"The problem seems chiefly to be at the foundries,\" said a European semiconductor industry source, who said TSMC and GlobalFoundries in particular looked to be under pressure.
\"It looks like they are pretty much at the limit,\" the source said, referring to TSMC.
TSMC, which counts Apple and Qualcomm among customers, declined to comment, but referred to comments its chairman made this week that described the firm's capacity as \"tight\".
A GlobalFoundries spokesman said demand was growing across the board and was accelerated by the coronavirus pandemic.
An official at South Korean foundry firm DB Hitek, which makes chips for the likes of Apple to use in its tablets, said its 8-inch plants were running at full capacity at least for the next six months, with tight supply anticipated until the second half of next year.
The United States has also curbed the ability of China's top chipmaker, SMIC, to get U.S.-made equipment and raw materials, exacerbating the supply crunch. SMIC did not respond to a request for comment.
Foundry firms like DB Hitek, UMC and SMIC said in recent company statements their factories were running at full capacity in the third quarter.
\"We expect our utilisation rates to remain solid for the time being,\" DB Hitek told Reuters.
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分析:全球芯片短缺威胁着生产的笔记本电脑、智能手机和更多
首尔/柏林/深圳:中国——汽车和生产商电子设备从电视到智能手机对全球短缺敲警钟的芯片,这是导致生产延迟消费需求反弹的冠状病毒危机。
这个问题有几个原因,业内高管和分析师表示,包括大量的美国制裁影响中国的科技巨头华为技术,火在日本的芯片工厂,冠状病毒锁定在东南亚,在法国和罢工。
更重要的是,然而,存在投资不足8英寸芯片制造厂拥有主要由亚洲公司,这意味着他们都在努力提高产量需求5 g手机,笔记本电脑和汽车速度快于预期。
“我们最初计划在一个月完成生产,但现在看起来我们需要做这两个。”
源在日本电子组件供应商说这是看到短缺的WiFi和蓝牙芯片和预计延误超过10周。
标记的汽车工业在中国,本月早些时候,问题是预测,一些中国汽车制造商的生产影响明年第一季度,行业协会的一名高级官员。
需求的飙升
在中国消费者的需求,尤其是对汽车、仰出人意料地迅速从冠状病毒危机,和订单产品,如笔记本电脑和移动电话仍然挣扎在大流行地区限制,如欧洲和美国,也捡起。
“因为(这些产品)所有争夺相同的工厂(加工厂)资源短缺是所有这些领域等。现在这些只是最明显,”Omdia高级分析师凯文·安德森说。
荷兰汽车芯片供应商NXP半导体已经告诉客户必须提高所有产品的价格,因为原材料成本“显著增加”和“严重短缺”芯片,据路透社报道。
“业务回来比我们的预期快得多,”NXP首席执行长库尔特·西弗斯对《每日经济新闻》德国商报》(Handelsblatt)在12月11日在接受采访时说。“很多客户订购太迟了。因此,我们不能继续在一些地区。”
其他短期触发的芯片短缺包括储备由电信巨头华为之前,9月中旬当供应商必须遵守美国的制裁,中金分析师黄江西乐平在12月11日在一份报告中称。
这是加剧了华为的竞争对手等小米寻求获得市场份额,加大订单的组件,他补充说。
小米和华为拒绝置评。
电子产品制造商包括松下集团和雅马哈公司也警告他们面临一些芯片短缺放缓生产的音频设备和摄像机损坏10月发生大火后透微器件集团旗下的芯片工厂(AKM)透旗下的公司,在日本南部。
问题也出现在法国的罢工芯片制造商意法半导体。
埃里克•Potard法国民主联盟的领袖,说罢工导致活性下降约8%。然而,意法半导体表示,没有对生产的影响。
“满负荷”
需求激增意味着8英寸工厂,这往往使老,不那么复杂的芯片,正在承受着巨大的压力,分析师和业内人士说。
台湾台积电主导市场合同芯片制造,三星落后距离位居第二,其次是喜欢的中芯国际GlobalFoundries,联电,根据Trendforce数据。
“问题似乎主要在铸造厂,”欧洲半导体行业消息人士称,谁说的台积电和GlobalFoundries在特定压力下。
“看起来他们很限制,”该消息人士称,台积电。
台积电数苹果和高通在客户中,拒绝置评,但提到本周评论其董事长,公司的能力描述为“紧”。
GlobalFoundries发言人说需求增长,加速了冠状病毒的大流行。
韩国官员铸造公司DB Hitek,使得芯片为苹果平板电脑使用,表示其8英寸工厂满负荷运转至少在接下来的6个月里,与供应紧张预期到明年下半年。
美国还抑制能力的中国最大的芯片制造商中芯国际,美国制造的设备和原材料,加剧了供应短缺。中芯国际没有回应记者的置评请求。
铸造公司DB Hitek,联电,中芯国际说最近公司声明他们在第三季度工厂满负荷运转。
“我们预期利用率保持坚实的暂时“DB Hitek告诉路透。
读到
By Hyunjoo Jin, Douglas Busvine and David Kirton
SEOUL\/BERLIN\/SHENZHEN: China - Makers of cars and electronic<\/a> devices<\/a> from TVs to smartphones<\/a> are sounding alarm bells about a global shortage of chips, which is causing manufacturing delays as consumer demand bounces back from the coronavirus crisis.
The problem has several causes, industry executives and analysts say, including bulk-buying by U.S. sanctions-hit Chinese tech giant Huawei<\/a> Technologies, a fire at a chip plant in Japan, coronavirus lockdowns in Southeast Asia, and a strike in France.
More fundamentally, however, there has been under-investment in 8-inch chip manufacturing plants owned mostly by Asian firms, which means they have struggled to ramp up production as demand for 5G phones, laptops<\/a> and cars picked up faster than expected.
\"For the whole electronics industry, we've been experiencing a shortage of components,\" said Donny Zhang, CEO of Shenzhen-based sourcing company Sand and Wave, who said he faced delays in obtaining a microcontroller unit that was key to a smart headphone product he was working on.
\"We were originally planning to complete production in one month, but now it looks like we'll need to do it in two.\"
A source at a Japanese electronics component supplier said it was seeing shortages of WiFi and Bluetooth chips and was expecting delays of more than 10 weeks.
The automotive industry in China, which flagged the issue earlier this month, is anticipating production at some Chinese carmakers to be affected in the first quarter of next year, according to a senior industry association official.
SURGING DEMAND
Consumer demand in China, especially for cars, has snapped back unexpectedly quickly from the coronavirus crisis, and orders for products such as laptops and mobile phones in regions still struggling with pandemic restrictions, such as Europe and the United States, have also picked up.
\"Since (these products) all compete for the same fab (fabrication plant) resources the shortage is across all of these sectors and others as well. These are just the most apparent right now,\" said Kevin Anderson, a senior analyst at Omdia.
Dutch automotive chip supplier NXP Semiconductors has told customers it must raise prices on all products because of a \"significant increase\" in materials costs and a \"severe shortage\" of chips, Reuters reported this month.
\"Business came back much faster than we expected,\" NXP CEO Kurt Sievers told German business daily Handelsblatt in an interview on Dec. 11. \"Many customers ordered too late. As a result, we are not able to keep up in some areas.\"
Other short-term triggers for the chip shortage<\/a> include stockpiling by telecoms giant Huawei ahead of mid-September when its suppliers had to comply with U.S. sanctions, CICC analyst Huang Leping said in a note on Dec. 11.
This was aggravated by Huawei's rivals such as Xiaomi<\/a> seeking to gain market share by stepping up orders of components, he added.
Xiaomi and Huawei declined to comment.
Electronics makers including Panasonic Corp and Yamaha Corp also warn they face some chip shortages that are slowing production of audio equipment and video cameras after a massive fire in October damaged a chip plant owned by Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corp (AKM), a unit of Asahi Kasei Corp, in southern Japan.
Concerns have surfaced too over strikes in France at chipmaker STMicroelectronics<\/a>.
Eric Potard, leader of the CFDT union at the group, said the strike resulted in a fall in activity of about 8%. STMicro, however, said it had no impact on production.
'FULL CAPACITY'
The surge in demand has meant 8-inch plants, which tend to make older, less sophisticated chips, are under strain, analysts and industry sources said.
Taiwan's TSMC dominates the market for contract chip manufacturing, with Samsung trailing a distance second, followed by the likes of SMIC<\/a>, GlobalFoundries and UMC, according to Trendforce data.
\"The problem seems chiefly to be at the foundries,\" said a European semiconductor industry source, who said TSMC and GlobalFoundries in particular looked to be under pressure.
\"It looks like they are pretty much at the limit,\" the source said, referring to TSMC.
TSMC, which counts Apple and Qualcomm among customers, declined to comment, but referred to comments its chairman made this week that described the firm's capacity as \"tight\".
A GlobalFoundries spokesman said demand was growing across the board and was accelerated by the coronavirus pandemic.
An official at South Korean foundry firm DB Hitek, which makes chips for the likes of Apple to use in its tablets, said its 8-inch plants were running at full capacity at least for the next six months, with tight supply anticipated until the second half of next year.
The United States has also curbed the ability of China's top chipmaker, SMIC, to get U.S.-made equipment and raw materials, exacerbating the supply crunch. SMIC did not respond to a request for comment.
Foundry firms like DB Hitek, UMC and SMIC said in recent company statements their factories were running at full capacity in the third quarter.
\"We expect our utilisation rates to remain solid for the time being,\" DB Hitek told Reuters.
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