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The Cupertino, California-based technology giant has a small team of hardware engineers developing drive systems, vehicle interior and external car body designs with the goal of eventually shipping a vehicle. That’s a more ambitious goal than in previous years when the project mostly focused on creating an underlying self-driving system. The company has also added more ex-Tesla Inc. executives to the project.
Still, some Apple<\/a> engineers on the project believe the company could release a product in five to seven years if Apple goes ahead with its plans. The car is nowhere near production stage, the people said, though they did warn timelines could change. They asked not to be identified discussing sensitive, internal work. The majority of the team is currently either working from home or at the office for limited time, slowing the company’s ability to develop a full vehicle. An Apple spokesman declined to comment.
An Apple car would rival electric vehicles from Tesla and offerings from companies such as upstart Lucid Motors<\/a> and established manufacturers like Daimler AG<\/a>’s Mercedes-Benz<\/a> and General Motors Co.’s Chevrolet. A key differentiator would be Apple’s ability to integrate its self-driving system, a pricey initiative that has spurred the company to develop its own software, sensor hardware and chip technologies. The goal is to let a user to input their destination and be driven there with little or no other engagement, according to the people familiar with the project.
Apple doesn’t manufacture its own products, and it will likely take the same approach with a vehicle. It’s unclear which company would assemble the car, though. In its first attempt about five years ago, Apple worked with engineers from Magna International Inc., a major auto industry contract manufacturer. Reuters recently reported that Apple is aiming to begin producing a car as early as 2024.
Apple has continued to investigate building its self-driving car system<\/a> for a third-party car partner rather than its own vehicle, the people said, and it could ultimately again abandon its own car efforts in favour of this approach.
The company first set out to build an electric car<\/a> in 2014, hiring hundreds of hardware engineers for the effort before rapidly paring it back around 2016 to focus on the self-driving car system. From 2016 through 2019, Apple cut hundreds of workers from the team. However, it kept some hardware engineers with expertise in car components who either stayed on the car project or worked on other initiatives.
In a sign it has now rebooted development of a vehicle, Apple in recent months shifted an executive known for his work on vehicle interiors and exteriors to its car team. In 2019, Apple hired former Tesla engineering vice president Steve MacManus, but he initially worked on projects unrelated to the car. Now MacManus leads a development group with several employees focused on car interiors, fabrics, car testing and vehicle manufacturing, people with knowledge of the matter said. He reports to Doug Field, a former top Tesla vehicle engineer who runs the Apple car project day to day.
Apple also recently hired Jonathan Sive, a vehicle engineer from BMW AG, Tesla and Alphabet Inc.’s Waymo, as a senior manager on the car project. In 2019, Apple tapped Michael Schwekutsch, Tesla’s former vice president in charge of drive systems, adding to a growing list of former Tesla employees working on the vehicle effort.
Late in 2020, Apple also hired another former Tesla vice president, Stuart Bowers, according to a person familiar with the move. He led Tesla’s self-driving technology team until mid-2019 and was an executive-in-residence at venture capital firm Greylock Partners until July, according to his LinkedIn profile.
Apple’s car team is filled with dozens of other ex-Tesla hardware and self-driving car engineers. In total, Apple has several hundred engineers working on the project, with most of them developing the self-driving car system rather than the full-fledged vehicle.
Late last year, Apple moved the project under John Giannandrea, head of artificial intelligence, suggesting most of the development work remains on the underlying autonomous software.
The smaller hardware team is working on vehicle dynamics, drive trains, safety mechanics and battery technology. It’s also trying to re-imagine a car’s interior for a future in which people ride passively rather than steer.
In recent months, Apple has posted job listings that indicate this vehicle work is ramping up. The company is seeking a lead engineer to integrate “audio drivers, tuners, speakers, microphones, wired buses, power supplies, wireless communication, and antennas” into autonomous systems.
Another job listing asks for an engineer with experience in LED lighting to deliver “a fully validated system ready for volume production,” suggesting that the company’s autonomous work is being designed to eventually be mass-produced. The company has also published listings for engineers to work on “high-voltage” battery systems, a key component of electric cars.
Apple’s chip unit, led by Johny Srouji, is playing a role in the car’s development, too, the people said. Since 2018, Srouji’s team has been developing a custom Arm-based chip with a heavy focus on machine learning processing to power the underlying self-driving car system.
The company has been testing autonomous technology on public roads since 2017. In 2019, the company’s test vehicles drove an average of about 118 miles before a human safety driver had to take control. That was up from 1 mile per disengagement in 2018, according to data from the California Department of Motor Vehicles. The company has 66 cars in its fleet, according to the California DMV. That’s up from 55 permitted vehicles as of mid-2018.
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苹果将几乎5年准备无人驾驶电动汽车
苹果公司(Apple inc .)将需要至少5年推出一个自治,电动汽车由于开发工作仍处于初级阶段,根据知情人士的努力。< / p >
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库比蒂诺,总部位于加州的科技巨头一个小团队的硬件工程师开发驱动系统,汽车内部和外部车身设计,最终目标是运输车辆。比前几年更雄心勃勃的目标当项目主要关注创建一个底层自动驾驶系统。该公司还增加了更多的ex-Tesla inc .)高管到项目。
尽管如此,一些苹果工程师在项目认为,公司可以发布一个产品在五至七年内如果苹果继续其计划。汽车远不及生产阶段,知情人士说,尽管他们确实警告时间可能会改变。他们讨论敏感,不愿透露姓名的内部工作。大多数的团队目前在家工作或者在办公室有限的时间,减缓公司开发一个完整的车辆的能力。苹果公司一位发言人拒绝置评。
苹果车将竞争对手从特斯拉电动汽车等公司提供的暴发户清晰的汽车等,建立了制造商戴姆勒公司(Daimler AG)的梅塞德斯-奔驰和通用汽车公司(General Motors Co .)的雪佛兰。一个关键的区别是苹果将其自动驾驶系统的能力,一个昂贵的行动,促使该公司开发自己的软件,传感器硬件和芯片技术。目标是让用户输入目的地和其他驱动与很少或没有接触,据知情人士透露,该项目。
苹果不制造自己的产品,它可能会采取同样的方法工具。目前尚不清楚哪家公司将组装汽车,。在其第一次尝试大约五年前,苹果公司曾与工程师Magna International Inc .,主要汽车工业合同制造商。最近路透社报道称,苹果的目标是最早在2024年开始生产汽车。
苹果公司继续调查建立的无人驾驶汽车系统第三方汽车合作伙伴而不是自己的车,知情人士说,它最终可能再放弃自己的车努力支持这种方法。
该公司首先着手建立一个电动汽车2014年,招聘数百名硬件工程师的努力之前,迅速去皮回来约2016关注无人驾驶汽车系统。从2016年到2019年,苹果公司将数百名工人从团队。然而,它使一些硬件工程师和专业知识在汽车零部件在汽车项目或从事其他活动。
表明现在重新启动车辆的发展,苹果最近几个月转移行政工作著称的汽车内饰和外饰汽车团队。2019年,苹果公司聘请了前特斯拉工程副总裁史蒂夫•MacManus但他最初从事项目与车无关。现在MacManus领导发展集团与几个员工专注于汽车内饰面料,汽车测试和汽车制造业,知情人士说。他报告道,前特斯拉汽车工程师每天运行苹果的汽车项目。
苹果最近还聘请了乔纳森的铁架,宝马汽车工程师,特斯拉和字母Inc .的年代Waymo,作为一个高级经理汽车项目。2019年,苹果公司利用迈克尔•Schwekutsch特斯拉的前副总统负责驱动系统的增加越来越多的特斯拉前雇员从事汽车工作。
在2020年晚些时候,苹果公司还聘请了另一个特斯拉前副总统,斯图亚特·鲍尔斯,据一位知情人士透露。他领导了特斯拉的无人驾驶技术团队直到2019年代中期,一个宿舍基金Greylock Partners直到7月,根据他的LinkedIn档案。
苹果的汽车团队充满了几十个其他ex-Tesla硬件和无人驾驶汽车工程师。总的来说,苹果公司数百名工程师在项目,其中大多数开发无人驾驶汽车系统而不是成熟的车辆。
去年晚些时候,苹果将约翰•Giannandrea项目的人工智能,这表明大部分底层自主软件开发工作仍在。
较小的硬件团队正致力于车辆动力学、火车司机、安全机制和电池技术。也试图甚至再现汽车内部对未来的人骑被动而不是引导。
近几个月来,苹果公司发布职位列表,表明这个飞行器工作正在加大。公司正在寻求一个首席工程师将“音频驱动程序、调谐器、音箱、麦克风,连接公共汽车、电源、无线通信,和天线“自治系统。
另一份工作清单要求一个有经验的工程师在LED照明提供“完全验证系统准备批量生产”,这表明该公司的自治工作正在设计最终被批量生产。该公司还出版上市对工程师工作在“高压”电池系统中,电动汽车的一个关键组成部分。
苹果的芯片单元,由约翰尼Srouji,扮演一个角色在汽车开发中,知情人士说。自2018年以来,Srouji的团队一直在开发一个定制的基于arm芯片重关注机器学习处理底层无人驾驶汽车系统。
公司自2017年以来一直在测试自动化技术在公共道路上行驶。2019年,该公司的测试车辆的平均行驶了118英里在人类安全的司机必须控制。,于2018年从1英里/分离,根据加州汽车部门的数据。公司拥有66辆的车队,根据加州的事实。从55,允许车辆在2018年代中期。
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