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By Marc Jones<\/strong>
LONDON: A paper published by the world's main central bank umbrella group, the BIS<\/a>, has called for individuals and firms to be given more control over the data collected on them by social media<\/a> and other Big Tech<\/a> firms and banks.
The boom in internet-enabled mobile phones<\/a>, apps and other high-tech gadgets in recent decades has led to an explosion of personal data that firms now harvest, process and sell.
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) paper published on Thursday said while most countries already have some laws around data use, most individuals still were not aware of what was at stake, or their rights over their data.
Authorities should therefore adopt new data governance systems to \"level the playing field between data subjects and data controllers,\" the paper said.
They should require firms to get clearer consent to collect data, better explain how it was being used and make it easier to be accessed by those from whom it was harvested.
\"When data are shared between data providers and data users, the data governance system<\/a> should specify which data are requested for sharing, how long they will be retained by data users, and who will process them,\" the paper said.
The BIS's role as hub for top central banks underscores just how broad-based the clamour for stricter data rules now spreads.
Current controls differ widely. While the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which took effect in 2018, is generally seen as the most comprehensive, it is still seen as having issues.
Other parts of the world are far less advanced. The United States, for example, where most Big Tech firms are based, still has no overarching consumer privacy laws, instead relying on a patchwork of state and sector rules.
The paper said data subjects also lose out because their information often becomes locked in firms' silos or platforms after using an app, website or service.
In turn, the companies can then combine that data with other attributes such as income and education to derive insights and predictions, thus creating \"derived data\" often seen as more valuable.
Young and less well-off people also tend to be denied loans due to a lack of previous credit history, whereas if they had full access to their online data, that could be used instead.
\"The young take time to accumulate tangible collateral and the poor may never acquire sufficient collateral,\" the paper said. \"These low-margin, high-risk consumers are uneconomical to reach in the traditional system without access to digital datasharing.\"
It added any new governance system should meet the following five standards.
(i) purpose limitation - ensure that the purpose for which data is being shared is described in clear and specific terms.
(ii) data minimisation - share only as much data as is strictly necessary.
(iii) retention restriction - ensure that data is not shared for longer than required.
(iv) use limitation - ensure that data is used only for the purpose for which it was shared.
(v) operational resilience - ensure that data is secure.
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由马克•琼斯
伦敦:世界主要央行发表的一篇论文的雨伞集团国际清算银行呼吁个人和企业给予更多的控制他们收集的数据社交媒体和其他大型科技股公司和银行。
互联网的蓬勃发展移动电话、应用程序和其他高科技产品近几十年来导致爆炸的个人数据的公司现在收获,和销售过程。
国际清算银行(BIS)周四发表的论文说,虽然大多数国家已经有了一些法律数据使用,大多数人还没有意识到什么是利害攸关的,或他们的权利在他们的数据。
当局应该采取新的数据治理系统“数据对象和数据控制器之间公平竞争,”该报称。
他们应该要求企业明确同意收集数据,更好的解释它是如何被使用的以及更容易被访问的人收获。
“当数据提供者和数据使用者之间的数据共享,数据管理系统应该指定数据要求分享,多久他们会保留用户数据,并处理它们,”该报称。
国际清算银行作为中心的角色前央行强调多么广泛的呼吁更严格的数据规则现在传播。
当前控制存在很大的不同。而欧盟的总体数据保护监管(GDPR),于2018年生效,通常被认为是最全面的,它仍被视为有问题。
世界其他地区先进的要少得多。美国,例如,大多数大型科技公司在哪里,仍然没有包罗万象的消费者隐私的法律,而不是依靠国家和行业规则。
该报称数据对象也失去了,因为他们的信息往往成为被锁在公司筒仓或平台在使用一个应用程序,网站或服务。
反过来,公司就可以将这些数据与其他属性,如收入和教育获得洞见和预测,从而创建“导出数据”常被视为更有价值。
年轻,富裕程度较低的人也往往被拒绝贷款之前由于缺乏信用记录,而如果他们全面获取他们的在线数据,可以使用。
“年轻人花时间积累实实在在的抵押品和穷人可能永远无法获得足够的抵押品,”该报称。“这些低利润,高风险的消费者不经济达到传统系统无法获得数字datasharing。”
它添加任何新的治理系统应该满足以下五个标准。
(我)目的限制-确保数据是共享的目的是清晰和具体地描述。
(2)数据最小化——分享只有尽可能多的数据是完全必要的。
(3)保留限制,确保数据没有共享超过要求。
(iv)使用限制,确保数据仅用于共享的目的。
(v)的操作弹性,确保数据安全。
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