As Washington embarks on a multi-billion dollar, decade-long semiconductor development<\/a> campaign, Beijing is reckoning with its own 20-year effort that’s largely failed to deliver. Both will need to grapple with wasted funds and misguided goals as they play catch-up to Taiwan and South Korea. 对于所有意图和目的,中国未能实现其半导体的目标,肩负着实现他们被带到帐户。北京不会为金钱的损失——这是愿意消耗现金,但在缺乏进展等支出应该买。 在华盛顿进行数十亿美元,十年之久半导体的发展活动,北京是对自己20年的努力,在很大程度上未能实现。需要应对资金浪费和被误导的目标,因为他们追赶台湾和韩国。
Architects of China’s ambitious efforts may be facing the music for having not produced world-beating technology, Bloomberg News reported this week. Multiple corruption probes announced by authorities stem from anger among the nation’s top leaders over an inability to develop semiconductors that could replace American components, it reported. Two of the most scrutinized areas are the $9 billion bailout of Tsinghua Unigroup<\/a> Co., and the National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund — known as the Big Fund.
For all intents and purposes, China has failed to achieve its semiconductor goals, and those tasked with realizing them are being brought to account. Beijing won’t be smarting at the loss of money — it’s been willing to burn cash — but at the lack of progress such expenditure was supposed to buy.
Those looking at China’s achievements are mostly finding what they seek, and ignoring the rest. Semiconductor Manufacturing International Co<\/a>., for example, got a lot of attention recently when industry analysts TechInsights wrote: “SMIC has been able to fabricate features that are small enough to be considered 7nm.” That “nm” figure refers to nanometers, a metric for the size of connections within a chip (smaller is better), and these days is as much a marketing term as a scientific one.
China chip cheerleaders see this as an incredible breakthrough, bringing the Shanghai-based firm closer to the capabilities of world leaders Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. and Samsung<\/a> Electronics Co. But it’s not, really. What SMIC appears to have done is produce a somewhat standard chip, used for bitcoin mining, and with little evidence it can churn these out with good yields or at scale.
Any budding chef trying to make soufflé will eventually pull off a couple of good samples. But mastery can only be claimed when almost all attempts are successful (yield), and can be done consistently and in large quantities (scale). By contrast, TSMC<\/a> and Samsung rolled out mass production at 7 nm four years ago — a demonstration that they’d nailed the process. The question of how SMIC managed this, while being cut off from Western manufacturing equipment, also remains. As TechInsights notes, it’s not impossible to make 7nm using older machinery, just a lot more complicated. And it’s an established fact that TSMC has in the past sued SMIC for stealing technology. The company has not been accused of wrongdoing with respect to 7 nm processes.
Whatever is behind this possible breakthrough, you could forgive Beijing for holding its applause. The government and numerous feeder funds haven’t spent the past 20 years and more than $100 billion to end up four years behind. It fully expected its semiconductor industry to not only catch up, but set the country on a path to technological independence. A single example of a chip that’s close to what others had a few years ago falls far short of that goal.
If the Big Fund’s aim was to provide a solid financial return — like any mutual, hedge or venture capital fund — then we might conclude that it did its job. It invested in at least 23 chip companies<\/a> between 2014 and 2019, and then started selling down after massive rises in their share prices.
But there’s little evidence that the Big Fund itself, or the huge prestige of being associated with a state-backed organization, actually accelerated industry development. SMIC had been in business for 15 years before it announced in 2015 that China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund would buy 4.7 billion new shares for a total of almost $400 million. At the time it trailed TSMC, but not by much. In December 2014, it had built its first Snapdragon processor for Qualcomm Inc<\/a>. using 28-nm technology, a little more than three years after TSMC achieved a similar feat. It’s convenient to compare SMIC to Intel<\/a> Corp., the US goliath that has struggled in recent years and also fallen behind TSMC and Samsung, but the harsh reality is that SMIC’s gap on the leaders has barely narrowed.
Then there’s Tsinghua Unigroup, whose name alone benefited from association with one of China’s most prestigious academic institutions. Although it attracted much fanfare for both itself and chairman Zhao Weiguo, it did little to make the nation less dependent on foreign technology. Among Zhao’s biggest moves was to buy up established local players — including Spreadtrum Communications Inc. and RDA Microelectronics Inc. — for a combined $2.6 billion. An attempt at a venture with Western Digital Corp. failed when the US government vetoed an almost $4 billion investment.
Unigroup’s big win was backing Yangtze Memory Technologies Co., a company that’s slowly climbing up the ranks of global memory-chip players. But if the goal is to wean China off foreign technology, YMTC serves largely as a PR win. Memory chips are a commodity product — the silicon equivalent of a filing cabinet — which merely stores information rather than the number-crunching performed by processors. If China wants semiconductors that can conduct artificial intelligence or guide missiles, then it’ll need to do a lot better than boast about memory chips.
Yet this was a problem of China’s own making. Money alone is not enough to be a semiconductor leader. If that were the case, then Intel and UAE-backed GlobalFoundries<\/a> Inc. would be further along. Instead, both China and the US need to learn the importance not only of developing your own technology, but building trust among industry peers so that they’ll freely collaborate. Neither TSMC or Samsung became leaders with a go-it-alone attitude. They lean heavily on suppliers of equipment, software and materials — many of whom are in the US, Japan and Europe — instead of taking on a solo mission to pursue technological independence.
If China’s goal is to build up its prowess and cut itself off from the world, then it will fail at the first and surely succeed at the second. The US, if it spends billions of dollars with a similar independence-minded attitude, has every chance of repeating the same mistake.
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中国已经把自己逼到死角半导体
建筑师面临的中国雄心勃勃的努力可能音乐没有产生世界一流技术,本周彭博新闻报道。乐动扑克多个腐败调查当局宣布源于国家的最高领导人的愤怒情绪无法开发可能会取代美国的半导体组件,它报道。两个的最细致的是90亿美元的救助清华Unigroup有限公司、国家集成电路产业投资基金——被称为大型基金。
那些希望在中国取得的成就主要是找他们寻求什么,,忽略了休息。中芯国际有限公司,例如,有很多关注最近行业分析师TechInsights写道:“中芯国际已经能够制造足够小的特性被认为是7海里。”,“纳米”图是指纳米大小的标准连接在一个芯片(更小的更好),这些天是一个营销术语的科学。
中国芯片的支持者认为这是一个令人难以置信的突破,将上海公司接近世界领导人台湾半导体制造公司和功能三星电子有限公司但它不是,真的。中芯国际似乎做什么是产生一个标准的芯片,用于比特币矿业,几乎没有证据可以生产这些良好的收益率或规模。
任何崭露头角的厨师试图让蛋奶酥最终将完成好的样品。但是掌握只能声称当几乎所有的尝试是成功的(收益率),可以做到一直和大量(规模)。相比之下,台积电7点和三星推出大规模生产纳米四年前,证明他们钉过程。中芯国际如何管理的问题,而从西方制造设备被切断,也仍然存在。TechInsights指出,这并非不可能让7海里使用旧机器,只是要复杂得多。一个既定的事实,台积电过去控告中芯国际偷窃技术。该公司尚未被指控的不当行为对7海里的过程。
不管这背后可能突破,你可以原谅北京举行的掌声。政府和众多支线基金没有在过去的20年,超过1000亿美元的四年。它完全预期其半导体行业不仅迎头赶上,但设置国家技术独立的道路。单一的芯片,几年前的接近别人的目标。
如果大型基金的目的是提供一个坚实的经济回报,像任何相互对冲或风险投资基金,那么我们可以得出结论,它所做的工作。它投资了至少23芯片公司在2014年和2019年之间,然后开始销售后股价上涨。
但很少有证据表明大基金本身,或与一个政府组织的巨大声望,实际上加速了产业发展。中芯国际在15年来业务在2015年宣布之前,中国集成电路产业投资基金将购买47亿股新股总共近4亿美元。当时它落后于台积电,但也高不了多少。2014年12月,它建造了第一个Snapdragon处理器高通(qcom . o:行情)。使用28纳米技术,多台积电三年后取得了类似的壮举。它是方便的比较中芯国际英特尔Corp .)、美国歌利亚,近年来一直落后于台积电和三星,但残酷的现实是,中芯国际的领导人几乎没有差距缩小。
还有清华Unigroup名字就得益于与中国最具声望的学术机构之一。虽然吸引了很多宣传自己和赵上海市主席,它并没有使美国减少对外国技术的依赖。赵最大的移动收购成立当地球员——包括展讯通信公司和RDA微电子公司。生产的总计26亿美元。风险与西部数据公司的尝试失败,当美国政府否决了一个近40亿美元的投资。
Unigroup最大的胜利是支持长江内存技术有限公司的公司慢慢爬上了全球内存芯片球员的行列。但是,如果目标是使中国摆脱外国技术,YMTC用作公关赢。内存芯片是一个商品——硅相当于一个文件柜——仅仅是存储信息而不是处理器执行的数据。如果中国希望半导体,可以进行人工智能或引导导弹,那么它将需要做很多比吹嘘内存芯片。
然而,这是中国自己的问题。钱不足以成为一个半导体的领导者。如果是这样的话,那么英特尔和UAE-backedGlobalFoundries公司将进一步发展。相反,中国和美国都需要学习的重要性不仅开发自己的技术,但业内同行之间建立信任,这样他们会自由合作。台积电和三星成为领导人单干的态度。他们倚重供应商的设备、软件和材料,其中很多是在美国、日本和欧洲,而不是在一个单独的使命追求技术的独立性。
如果中国的目标是建立其实力和削减自己从世界,那么它肯定会失败在第一和成功在第二个。美国,如果它花费数十亿美元,类似独立的态度,完全有机会重复同样的错误。
As Washington embarks on a multi-billion dollar, decade-long semiconductor development<\/a> campaign, Beijing is reckoning with its own 20-year effort that’s largely failed to deliver. Both will need to grapple with wasted funds and misguided goals as they play catch-up to Taiwan and South Korea.
Architects of China’s ambitious efforts may be facing the music for having not produced world-beating technology, Bloomberg News reported this week. Multiple corruption probes announced by authorities stem from anger among the nation’s top leaders over an inability to develop semiconductors that could replace American components, it reported. Two of the most scrutinized areas are the $9 billion bailout of Tsinghua Unigroup<\/a> Co., and the National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund — known as the Big Fund.
For all intents and purposes, China has failed to achieve its semiconductor goals, and those tasked with realizing them are being brought to account. Beijing won’t be smarting at the loss of money — it’s been willing to burn cash — but at the lack of progress such expenditure was supposed to buy.
Those looking at China’s achievements are mostly finding what they seek, and ignoring the rest. Semiconductor Manufacturing International Co<\/a>., for example, got a lot of attention recently when industry analysts TechInsights wrote: “SMIC has been able to fabricate features that are small enough to be considered 7nm.” That “nm” figure refers to nanometers, a metric for the size of connections within a chip (smaller is better), and these days is as much a marketing term as a scientific one.
China chip cheerleaders see this as an incredible breakthrough, bringing the Shanghai-based firm closer to the capabilities of world leaders Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. and Samsung<\/a> Electronics Co. But it’s not, really. What SMIC appears to have done is produce a somewhat standard chip, used for bitcoin mining, and with little evidence it can churn these out with good yields or at scale.
Any budding chef trying to make soufflé will eventually pull off a couple of good samples. But mastery can only be claimed when almost all attempts are successful (yield), and can be done consistently and in large quantities (scale). By contrast, TSMC<\/a> and Samsung rolled out mass production at 7 nm four years ago — a demonstration that they’d nailed the process. The question of how SMIC managed this, while being cut off from Western manufacturing equipment, also remains. As TechInsights notes, it’s not impossible to make 7nm using older machinery, just a lot more complicated. And it’s an established fact that TSMC has in the past sued SMIC for stealing technology. The company has not been accused of wrongdoing with respect to 7 nm processes.
Whatever is behind this possible breakthrough, you could forgive Beijing for holding its applause. The government and numerous feeder funds haven’t spent the past 20 years and more than $100 billion to end up four years behind. It fully expected its semiconductor industry to not only catch up, but set the country on a path to technological independence. A single example of a chip that’s close to what others had a few years ago falls far short of that goal.
If the Big Fund’s aim was to provide a solid financial return — like any mutual, hedge or venture capital fund — then we might conclude that it did its job. It invested in at least 23 chip companies<\/a> between 2014 and 2019, and then started selling down after massive rises in their share prices.
But there’s little evidence that the Big Fund itself, or the huge prestige of being associated with a state-backed organization, actually accelerated industry development. SMIC had been in business for 15 years before it announced in 2015 that China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund would buy 4.7 billion new shares for a total of almost $400 million. At the time it trailed TSMC, but not by much. In December 2014, it had built its first Snapdragon processor for Qualcomm Inc<\/a>. using 28-nm technology, a little more than three years after TSMC achieved a similar feat. It’s convenient to compare SMIC to Intel<\/a> Corp., the US goliath that has struggled in recent years and also fallen behind TSMC and Samsung, but the harsh reality is that SMIC’s gap on the leaders has barely narrowed.
Then there’s Tsinghua Unigroup, whose name alone benefited from association with one of China’s most prestigious academic institutions. Although it attracted much fanfare for both itself and chairman Zhao Weiguo, it did little to make the nation less dependent on foreign technology. Among Zhao’s biggest moves was to buy up established local players — including Spreadtrum Communications Inc. and RDA Microelectronics Inc. — for a combined $2.6 billion. An attempt at a venture with Western Digital Corp. failed when the US government vetoed an almost $4 billion investment.
Unigroup’s big win was backing Yangtze Memory Technologies Co., a company that’s slowly climbing up the ranks of global memory-chip players. But if the goal is to wean China off foreign technology, YMTC serves largely as a PR win. Memory chips are a commodity product — the silicon equivalent of a filing cabinet — which merely stores information rather than the number-crunching performed by processors. If China wants semiconductors that can conduct artificial intelligence or guide missiles, then it’ll need to do a lot better than boast about memory chips.
Yet this was a problem of China’s own making. Money alone is not enough to be a semiconductor leader. If that were the case, then Intel and UAE-backed GlobalFoundries<\/a> Inc. would be further along. Instead, both China and the US need to learn the importance not only of developing your own technology, but building trust among industry peers so that they’ll freely collaborate. Neither TSMC or Samsung became leaders with a go-it-alone attitude. They lean heavily on suppliers of equipment, software and materials — many of whom are in the US, Japan and Europe — instead of taking on a solo mission to pursue technological independence.
If China’s goal is to build up its prowess and cut itself off from the world, then it will fail at the first and surely succeed at the second. The US, if it spends billions of dollars with a similar independence-minded attitude, has every chance of repeating the same mistake.
<\/p><\/body>","next_sibling":[{"msid":93489524,"title":"'Casual gamers revolutionising Indian online gaming industry'","entity_type":"ARTICLE","link":"\/news\/casual-gamers-revolutionising-indian-online-gaming-industry\/93489524","category_name":null,"category_name_seo":"telecomnews"}],"related_content":[{"msid":"93488499","title":"semiconductor","entity_type":"IMAGES","seopath":"industry\/cons-products\/electronics\/china-has-painted-itself-into-a-semiconductor-corner\/semiconductor","category_name":"China has painted itself into a semiconductor corner","synopsis":false,"thumb":"https:\/\/etimg.etb2bimg.com\/thumb\/img-size-94250\/93488499.cms?width=150&height=112","link":"\/image\/industry\/cons-products\/electronics\/china-has-painted-itself-into-a-semiconductor-corner\/semiconductor\/93488499"}],"msid":93489555,"entity_type":"ARTICLE","title":"China has painted itself into a semiconductor corner","synopsis":"For all intents and purposes, China has failed to achieve its semiconductor goals, and those tasked with realizing them are being brought to account. Beijing won\u2019t be smarting at the loss of money \u2014 it\u2019s been willing to burn cash \u2014 but at the lack of progress such expenditure was supposed to buy. ","titleseo":"telecomnews\/china-has-painted-itself-into-a-semiconductor-corner","status":"ACTIVE","authors":[],"analytics":{"comments":0,"views":329,"shares":0,"engagementtimems":1430000},"Alttitle":{"minfo":""},"artag":"Bloomberg","artdate":"2022-08-11 07:32:57","lastupd":"2022-08-11 07:36:30","breadcrumbTags":["semiconductor development","tsmc","samsung","devices","tsinghua unigroup","Semiconductor Manufacturing International Co","qualcomm inc","globalfoundries","chip companies","intel"],"secinfo":{"seolocation":"telecomnews\/china-has-painted-itself-into-a-semiconductor-corner"}}" data-news_link="//www.iser-br.com/news/china-has-painted-itself-into-a-semiconductor-corner/93489555">
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