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The backbone of the \"smart terminal\" at the Tianjin Port, east of Beijing, is a data network built by Huawei, which is reinventing itself as a supplier for self-driving cars, factories and other industries it hopes will be less vulnerable to Washington's worsening feud with Beijing over technology and security.
The ruling Communist Party is promoting automation in industries from manufacturing to taxis to keep China's economy growing as the workforce ages and starts to shrink. Its managers say the \"smart terminal,\" part of Tianjin's 200-square-kilometer (77-square-mile) port, allows 200 employees to move as much cargo as 800 used to.
\"We believe this solution in Tianjin is the world's most advanced,\" said Yue Kun<\/a>, chief technology officer of Huawei's business unit for ports. \"We believe it can be applied to other ports.\"
Huawei Technologies Ltd<\/a>., which makes smartphones and is the biggest global supplier of network gear for phone carriers, struggled after then-President Donald Trump cut off access to American processor chips and other technology in 2019 in a feud with Beijing about security.
Washington says Huawei is a security risk that might use its access to foreign phone networks to facilitate Chinese spying, an accusation the company denies. The United States and allies including Japan and Australia have banned or restricted use of Huawei equipment by their phone carriers.
Smartphone sales outside China collapsed after Huawei lost music, maps and other services from Alphabet Inc.'s Google that handset buyers expect to see pre-loaded. Its low-end Honor brand was sold off in 2020 in hopes of reviving sales by separating it from the sanctions on its corporate parent.
Huawei, with a workforce of almost 200,000, has held onto its status as the leading maker of network gear based on sales in China and other markets where Washington has had less success at encouraging governments to shun the company.
\"Huawei is already a key player\" in data networks with a \"wealth of knowledge,\" said Paul Budde, an industry analyst.
The company has created 20 teams to focus on factories, mines, hospitals, ports, power plants and other industrial customers. It says the auto unit has 3,000 people working on autonomous driving and invested $2 billion in the technology in 2020-21. Huawei was an early developer of \"smart city\" networks for traffic control and police surveillance.
\"The big, black cloud here, however, is geopolitics,\" said Budde. \"This will hamper its participation in overseas markets,\" he said. \"The issues are not technology but are purely political.\"
American pressure on Huawei spiraled into an international standoff in 2018 after its chief financial officer, Meng Wanzhou, daughter of its founder, was arrested in Canada on U.S. charges related to accusations of violating trade sanctions on Iran.
China arrested two Canadians on spying charges, trying to win Meng's release. They were freed in September 2021 after Meng was allowed to return to China under an agreement with American prosecutors in which she took responsibility for misrepresenting Huawei's dealings with Iran.
Huawei says its new focus already is helping to revive the company's fortunes.
\"In 2020, we successfully pulled ourselves out of crisis mode,\" said Eric Xu, one of three Huawei executives who take turns as chairman, in a December letter to employees. \"U.S. restrictions are now our new normal, and we're back to business as usual.\"
Last year's revenue was forecast to be little-changed from 2021 at 636.9 billion yuan ($91.6 billion), Xu said. That was below Huawei's double-digit growth of a decade earlier but an improvement over the 5.9% slide in the first half.
He gave no breakdown by business line, but Huawei reported 2021 sales to industrial customers of 102.4 billion yuan ($16.1 billion). Sales of smartphones and other devices<\/a> fell 25.3% from a year earlier in the first half of 2022 to 101.3 billion yuan ($15 billion).
The auto unit, which supplies components and software for navigation, dashboard displays and managing vehicle systems, has played a role in five models released by three Chinese automakers.
The ruling party's urgency about rolling out automation has risen as the size of China's working age population 16 to 59 declined after hitting a peak in 2011. That group has shrunk by about 5%. Its share of the population slid from 70% to 62%.
The Tianjin port managers told Huawei they already were having trouble finding and keeping truck drivers, according to Yue.
\"This can help to address the aging population issue,\" said Yue.
Yue said Huawei has talked with \"people outside China\" who might use its port technology, but he gave no details.
The annual market for port-related network technology is modest at $2 billion, but global sales of gear to link factory and medical equipment, cars and other devices total $600 billion a year, according to Budde. He said that has the potential to replace Huawei's lost smartphone and other telecom sales, so long as foreign buyers aren't put off by security concerns.
The Tianjin port's fleet of 88 battery-powered autonomous trucks are charged by wind turbines, according to a port spokesman, Peng Pai.
\"It's much safer, and it uses clean energy,\" said Peng.
In a third-floor control room with floor-to-ceiling windows that look out over the port, a dozen operators sit in front of displays with as many as six screens showing video feeds of computer-controlled cranes lifting cargo boxes onto or off ships. Each can monitor as many as six cranes at once, unlike a traditional operator who serves only one ship.
\"People had to work high up in cranes,\" said Yang Jiemin, a vice president of Tianjin Port Group. \"Now, our operators can sit in an office and monitor equipment remotely.\"
Operators take control of a crane or truck if sensors indicate a problem, according to Huawei's Yue. He said the port's goal is to cut that \"takeover rate\" to 0.1%, or one container in 1,000, while computers manage the handling of the others from start to finish.
The high-speed network allows a crane or truck to react to a command in 1\/100th of a second, even though the ships are 500 meters (one-third of a mile) away from the control room, according to Liu Xiwang, manager of the port's information department.
\"You can't feel the delay,\" Liu said.
Yue, the Huawei executive, was reluctant to say whether it needs processor chips or other foreign inputs that might be disrupted by U.S. sanctions.
\"I really don't know the answer to your question,\" Yue said after being asked twice about the sources of critical components. He compared it to buying a cup of coffee: \"I don't know who supplies the cup, the coffee beans and the water.\"
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中国华为似乎港口、工厂重建销售
“智能终端”的骨干在天津港,东部的北京,是一个数据网络由华为,这是重新发明本身作为自动驾驶汽车的供应商,工厂和其他行业,希望不会那么容易受到华盛顿的恶化不和与北京在技术和安全。
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“智能终端”的骨干在天津港,东部的北京,是一个数据网络由华为,这是重新发明本身作为自动驾驶汽车的供应商,工厂和其他行业,希望不会那么容易受到华盛顿的恶化不和与北京在技术和安全。
执政的共产党是促进自动化从制造业到出租车行业保持中国经济增长的劳动力年龄和开始萎缩。经理说“智能终端”,天津的200平方公里(77平方英里)端口,允许200名员工800用于将尽可能多的货物。
“我们认为这个解决方案在天津是世界上最先进的,”说悦库恩首席技术官华为的业务单元的端口。“我们认为可以应用到其他港口。”
华为技术有限公司。,这使得智能手机,是全球最大的手机运营商网络设备供应商,在时任唐纳德·特朗普切断后进入美国处理器芯片和其他技术在2019年不和与北京有关安全。
华盛顿说华为是一个安全风险,可能使用它访问外国电话网络,以促进中国从事间谍活动,指责该公司对此予以否认。美国和盟友包括日本和澳大利亚禁止或限制使用华为设备的手机运营商。
华为智能手机销量在中国以外崩溃后失去了音乐、地图和其他服务从字母表Inc .)希望看到预装谷歌手机买家。其荣誉低端品牌在2020年出售,希望重振销售通过将它从对企业母公司的制裁。
拥有近200000员工,华为已经守住领先地位基于销售网络设备制造商在中国和其他市场,华盛顿已经减少了在鼓励政府避开公司成功。
“华为”已经是一个关键球员在数据网络“财富的知识,”保罗•布德说一个行业分析师。
公司创造了20个团队专注于工厂、矿山、医院、港口、发电厂和其他工业客户。它说致力于自主驾驶汽车单位3000人,并于2020年投资20亿美元在技术- 21。华为是较早开发的“智能城市”网络流量控制和警方监控。
“大,黑色的云,然而,地缘政治,”布德说。“这将阻碍其参与海外市场,”他说。“问题不是技术,而是纯粹是政治。”
华为美国压力演变为一个国际的僵局后,于2018年其首席财务官孟晚舟,其创始人的女儿,在加拿大美国指控被捕相关指控违反贸易制裁伊朗。
中国逮捕了两名加拿大人被指控从事间谍活动,试图赢得孟的释放。他们2021年9月被释放后孟被允许返回中国在与美国检察官达成协议,她负责歪曲华为与伊朗的交易。
华为表示,其新福克斯已经帮助重振公司的命运。
“2020年,我们成功地把自己从危机模式,”Eric Xu说,三种华为高管轮流担任董事长,在12月给员工。“现在美国限制我们的新常态,我们回到一切如常。”
去年的收入预计将从2021年变化不大6369亿元(916亿美元),徐说。下面是华为的十年前两位数增长,但改善上半年下滑5.9%。
他没有故障由业务线,但华为报告2021工业客户销售1024亿元人民币(合161亿美元)。智能手机和其他的销售设备较上年同期下降了25.3%在2022年上半年的1013亿元(150亿美元)。
汽车单位,提供组件和软件导航,仪表板显示和管理车辆系统,发挥了作用,三家中国汽车制造商公布的5个模型。
执政党的紧迫性推出自动化已是中国劳动年龄人口的大小16至59拒绝后,在2011年达到高峰。集团已缩水近5%。人口中所占的份额从70%下滑至62%。
天津港口经理告诉华为,他们已经找不到和卡车司机,据曰。
“这可以帮助解决老龄化问题,”孙悦说。
悦说华为与“中国”以外的人谁会使用它的接口技术,但他没有给出细节。
此行中网络技术的年度市场适度为20亿美元,但全球齿轮连接工厂和医疗设备的销售,汽车和其他设备总每年6000亿美元,根据布德。他说,有可能取代华为的智能手机和其他电信销售,只要外国买家没有在安全方面的担忧。
天津港的舰队的88电池驱动的自主卡车收取的风力涡轮机,根据港口发言人彭拜。
“这是更安全,使用清洁能源,”彭说。
在三楼控制室俯瞰港口的落地窗,十几个运营商坐在显示多达六屏幕显示视频的计算机控制的起重机起重货物箱子上或关闭的船只。可以监控多达六个起重机,与传统运营商是只有一个船。
“人们在起重机工作高,”杨Jiemin说,天津港集团副总裁。“现在,我们的运营商可以坐在一个办公室和远程监控设备。”
运营商控制起重机或卡车如果传感器显示问题,根据华为的悦。他说,港口的目标是,“收购率”下调至0.1%,或1000年的一个容器,而计算机管理的处理其他人从开始到结束。
高速网络允许起重机或卡车反应在对穿越第二个命令,即使船舶500米(三分之一英里)从控制室,根据刘Xiwang,港口的信息部门的经理。
“你感觉不到延迟,”刘说。
悦,华为高管,不愿透露是否需要处理器芯片或其他外国输入,可能受到美国的制裁。
“我真的不知道你问题的答案,”孙悦说后问两次关键部件的来源。他比买了一杯咖啡:“我不知道谁提供杯子,咖啡豆和水。”
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