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India will auction 5G spectrum later this month. There is much debate on whether mobile players and space broadband<\/a> players can coexist in the mmWave frequency and whether the government should auction spectrum for satellite services. In an interaction with ETTelecom’s Mansi Taneja, Cristian Gomez<\/a>, Senior Director - Government & Regulatory Affairs, Asia Pacific at Viasat<\/a> talks about global learnings on 5G mmWave band<\/a>, balanced spectrum allocation and Viasat’s plans for Indian market.
Globally, which geographies offer 5G services on mmWave band? Have they been successful?
<\/strong>
The 5G millimetre wave is not being offered anywhere in a meaningful way to the mass market with any level of success. There are some deployments in three countries - US, Japan, Singapore but these are small scale deployments only for venue-specific applications, such as hotspots inside malls.
Even in the US which was the first country to first push for 5G mmWave, there is independent industry data that shows that the total average time consumers connected to a 5G mmWave is less than 1% of the time across all three US mobile networks.
5G mmWave relies on existing and new construction of massive amounts of fiber optic infrastructure to connect 5G mmWave cell sites to achieve the target download speeds. This is a preclusive element for most countries to make 5G mmWave financially viable, given that most countries in the world do not have the levels of fiber deployments of the US, Japan and Singapore. For this reason, mobile operators and governments have globally shifted their focus from 5G mmWave to 5G in the mid band spectrum.
5G mmWave is unlikely to be transformational in the rest of the world because of the preclusive capital investments required and the fact that 5G mmWave cannot physically be used to provide coverage to the mass consumer.
Also, Apple – the largest smartphone manufacturer in the world – has scrapped 5G mmWave from their new version of iPhone SE, on that basis that 5G mmWave adds hardware costs that then need to be passed on to consumers which aren’t willing to spend when the reality is 5G mmWave isn’t available widely or considering that in the majority of markets 5G mmWave will never be an economically viable option.
What are your plans to offer services in the Indian market? Will you offer services in partnership with an Indian telco?
<\/strong>
Viasat is progressing very well in the construction of the ViaSat-3 global fleet of ultra-high throughput GEO satellites, offering the highest capacity in the market: over 1 Tbps of throughput per satellite, with speeds between 300 Mbps to 1 Gbps. The ViaSat-3 fleet will have its own dedicated satellite for Asia Pacific, which will cover India. We are launching the first satellite at the end of this year to cover the Americas region, followed by the EMEA and the Asia Pacific satellites at 6-month intervals.
Through this global fleet, Viasat will provide the lowest cost per Gbps per month available in the market – to connect everyone, everywhere across land, sea, and air. We also have the ViaSat-4 project underway that will increase this global capacity by 5 times, and have our own LEO satellite project under development.
Viasat has substantial R&D activity in India, and the ground infrastructure systems we manufacture are available to local players. Viasat is open to partnership options with India-based telcos.
Is a balanced spectrum allocation possible between space broadband players and mobile players in the mmWave band?
<\/strong>
A balanced spectrum allocation is very much possible and the example of Europe, Australia and over 100 countries proves it. Europe decided to implement 5G mmWave in alignment with the globally agreed allocation of spectrum bands by the ITU, making 26 GHz available for 5G and the 28 GHz for space-based broadband. This approach balances well the fact that 5G mmWave is nascent and the 26 GHz provides spectrum to accommodate both mobile operators and 5G private networks<\/a> in the same mmWave band.
This approach also takes advantage of the beneficial economics of satellite broadband<\/a> in 28 GHz which can cover entire countries with one or few satellites and provide broadband to all including aviation, maritime and ground transport.
What have been global processes for auction of spectrum in mmwave band for satellite firms?<\/strong>
Spectrum auctions have been used now for decades. The rationale behind it: the exclusive allocation of a limited resource, at a fair price, where demand exceeds supply. If this economic principle is not present in the spectrum band concerned, the auction fails (no bids or unsold spectrum).
Spectrum allocation via auction cannot be applied to satellite firms simply because this very simple economic principle does not fit space-based infrastructure: the entire global satellite spectrum resources is shared and no satellite operator in the world holds exclusive spectrum rights.
Thousands of satellites all share the same spectrum and there are only a few satellite bands in comparison to the number of mobile bands. Satellites also do not serve just one country, satellites are designed and deployed to serve entire world regions across many country borders, hence the use of satellite spectrum is coordinated globally by the ITU.
This precludes satellite spectrum from being owned by any given company, it is a globally shared resource, and therefore auctions are not a widespread practice in space-based spectrum uses such as satellite communications.
Because of this major difference, mobile spectrum being exclusively owned by each mobile operator and satellite spectrum being globally shared, competition concerns are not pertinent between the two.
Do you see a case for auction of spectrum in this mmwave band - for satellite firms - in India?<\/strong>
Mobile operators pay for exclusive access to keep others out of the market. Space-based communications make shared use of the spectrum resource globally, and because satellite companies share the same resource, competition is even more intense in the satellite segment.
Governments recognise this and this is why auction pioneers like New Zealand and the rest of the world continue to embrace such a competitive environment in the satellite sector and only use administrative spectrum mechanisms for satellite services.
Big firms such as OneWeb, Amazon, Starlink have plans to launch services in the Indian market.What kind of potential and opportunities do you see in the Indian satcom<\/a> market?
<\/strong>
The potential of the companies mentioned depends on their long-term economic viability and also their ability to calibrate a responsible and equitable use of the LEO orbit. The cost of launching, operating, developing, disposing but most importantly, replacing LEO mega-constellations of thousands of satellites every 5 years is a major factor for consideration. Those costs are in the end passed on to consumers.
Another major consideration is for India to ensure its own long-term access to the LEO orbit for its own LEO uses.
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共存地面和空间宽带球员:Viasat公司执行官
即使在美国的第一个国家首先推动5 g mmWave,有独立的行业数据显示,总平均时间消费者连接到一个5 g mmWave小于1%的时间在所有三个美国移动网络。
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印度将于本月晚些时候5 g频谱拍卖。有很多争论是否移动球员和空间宽带玩家可以共存mmWave频率和卫星服务政府是否应该拍卖的频谱。在一个交互与ETTelecom曼西希夫乐动娱乐招聘克里斯蒂安·戈麦斯高级主管——政府和监管事务,亚太地区Viasat公司谈到全球经验5 g mmWave乐队、平衡频谱分配和Viasat公司对印度市场的计划。
在全球范围内,地理位置提供5 g服务mmWave乐队吗?他们是成功的吗?
5 g毫米波没有被提供任何有意义的方式与任何水平的大众市场的成功。有一些部署在三个国家——美国、日本、新加坡,但这些都是只有venue-specific小规模部署应用程序,如商场内热点。
即使在美国的第一个国家首先推动5 g mmWave,有独立的行业数据显示,总平均时间消费者连接到一个5 g mmWave小于1%的时间在所有三个美国移动网络。
5 g mmWave依靠现有的和新的建设大量的光纤基础设施连接5 g mmWave细胞网站实现目标的下载速度。对大多数国家来说这是一个妨碍的元素使5 g mmWave经济可行,考虑到世界上大多数国家没有纤维的水平的部署美国、日本和新加坡。出于这个原因,全球移动运营商和政府已经将注意力从5 g mmWave 5 g的光谱带。
5 g mmWave不太可能转型的世界其它地区,因为除外的资本投资需要,5 g mmWave身体不能用于提供覆盖大众消费者。
同时,苹果公司——世界上最大的智能手机制造商——取消5 g mmWave从他们的新版本的iPhone,在此基础上,5 g mmWave增加了硬件成本,然后需要传递给消费者不愿意花5克mmWave现实时不能使用广泛或考虑到在大多数市场5 g mmWave永远不会成为一个经济可行的选择。
你有什么计划在印度市场提供服务?你会在与印度电信合作提供服务吗?
Viasat公司在建设的进展很好ViaSat-3全球舰队超高吞吐量GEO卫星,提供最高的容量市场:超过1真沸点的吞吐量/卫星,速度300 Mbps之间1 Gbps。ViaSat-3舰队将为亚太地区有自己的专用卫星,包括印度。我们今年年底发射第一颗卫星覆盖美洲地区,其次是中东和亚太卫星每隔6个月。
通过全球舰队,Viasat公司将提供每个Gbps每月最低的成本在市场上,连接每一个人,到处都是土地,海洋和空气。我们也有ViaSat-4项目正在这个全球产能将增加5倍,并有自己的LEO卫星项目正在开发。
Viasat公司拥有大量研发活动在印度,和地面基础设施系统我们生产可用于本地球员。Viasat公司是开放与印度电信公司合作的选择。
之间的平衡的频谱分配是可能的空间宽带播放器和移动球员mmWave乐队吗?
频谱分配平衡很可能和欧洲的例子,澳大利亚和超过100个国家已经证明了这一点。欧洲决定实施5 g mmWave符合全球一致的频谱分配由ITU乐队,使26 GHz可供5 g的28个GHz天基宽带。这种方法平衡好这一事实5 g mmWave新生,26个GHz提供了光谱,以适应移动运营商和5 g私有网络在同一个mmWave乐队。
此方法还利用有益的经济卫星宽带在28个GHz可以覆盖整个国家与一个或几个卫星和提供宽带所有包括航空、海运和地面运输。
是全球拍卖过程的频谱在mmwave乐队为卫星公司吗?
频谱拍卖现在已经使用了几十年。其背后的基本原理:独家分配有限的资源,在一个公平的价格,需求超过供给。如果这个经济原则不存在频谱带而言,拍卖失败(没有投标或者未售出的光谱)。
频谱分配通过拍卖不能应用于卫星公司仅仅因为这个非常简单的经济原则并不适合太空基础设施:整个全球卫星共享频谱资源,世界上没有卫星运营商拥有独家频谱权。
成千上万的卫星都共享相同的频谱和只有少数卫星乐队相比,移动乐队的数量。卫星也不只是一个国家,卫星设计和部署服务的整个世界在许多地区边界,因此使用卫星光谱是由ITU全球协调。
这排除了卫星光谱从属于任何给定的公司,这是一个全球共享的资源,因此拍卖并不是一个普遍的实践空间频谱使用卫星通信等。
由于这种主要区别,手机频谱完全属于每个光谱移动运营商和卫星全球共享,竞争问题两者之间是不相关的。
你看到一个拍卖的频谱mmwave乐队-卫星公司在印度吗?
移动运营商支付市场的独占访问别人离开。天基通信全球频谱资源的共享利用,因为卫星电视公司共享相同的资源,在卫星领域竞争更加激烈。
政府认识到这一点,这就是为什么拍卖先锋新西兰和世界其他国家继续接受这样一个竞争激烈的环境中在卫星领域和只使用行政光谱卫星服务的机制。
大公司比如OneWeb,亚马逊,我们计划在印度发射服务市场。你看到什么样的潜力和机会在印度卫星通信市场?
公司提到的潜力取决于他们长期的经济可行性和校准的能力一个负责任的和公平的使用利奥轨道。发射的成本、操作、开发、处理但最重要的是,取代狮子座mega-constellations成千上万的卫星每5年是一个主要的因素考虑。这些成本最终转嫁到消费者身上。
印度的另一个主要考虑是确保自己的长期访问狮子座轨道的用途。
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