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SAN FRANCISCO: For all the furor about which way Elon Musk<\/a> might tilt US political discourse after getting the keys to Twitter<\/a> Inc, his biggest challenges may emerge across the Pacific.
Asia, home to more than half the world's population, is Twitter's biggest growth opportunity and arguably a far thornier challenge. If the Tesla Inc<\/a> and SpaceX billionaire makes good on promises to scrap censorship, he'll encounter a plethora of perplexing regulations, wielded by sometimes authoritarian governments, pushed to the limits by a horde of first-time internet users.
The numbers alone suggest Musk's biggest headaches lie abroad. Twitter's monetizable daily active users numbered 179 million internationally -- dwarfing the 38 million in the US in 2021, according to its latest annual report.
As a public company, Twitter has repeatedly emphasized it must abide by local regulations. Once it's a private concern controlled by the world's richest man, Musk will personally shoulder responsibility for navigating that thicket -- and the fallout if he fails.
\"Asia has the potential to make or break the new Twitter<\/a>,\" said JJ Rose, a contributor to Australia's nonpartisan Lowy Institute think tank. \"It will depend on how he approaches it, if he can harness it for his free speech aims.\"
Representatives for Twitter and Musk didn't respond to requests for comment.
China<\/strong>
Twitter is officially banned in China, but the country will still demand a lot of Musk's attention. Amazon.com Inc founder Jeff Bezos alluded to the potential conflicts in a tweet shortly after Musk's deal, asking \"Did the Chinese government just gain a bit of leverage over the town square?\"
An obvious point is that China is tremendously important for Tesla, the key source of Musk's wealth. The billionaire will certainly face pressures -- implicit or explicit -- to fine-tune Twitter's policies to please Beijing.
As the world's biggest electric-vehicle market as well as a supplier of Tesla batteries, China is essential to the healthy growth of the centerpiece of Musk's business empire. Tesla has also benefited from significant tax breaks in setting up his Shanghai Gigafactory -- its first overseas plant -- and been allowed to wholly own its local operations, a rarity for a US firm.
A pressing issue is how Twitter handles China's efforts to spread propaganda globally on the platform. The company in 2020 instituted labels for government officials and \"state-affiliated media\" for publications like Xinhua and Global Times, and readers are reminded of this government-backing any time they like or retweet stories. Chinese media have called the practice \"intimidation\" and already begun to lobby the billionaire to roll it back.
\"One of the fiercest tests of Musk's avowed commitment to expanding free speech on Twitter will lie in whether he withstands pressure from Beijing to whitewash criticisms and challenges of China on the platform,\" said Suzanne Nossel, CEO of non-profit advocacy group PEN America. \"Whatever incremental changes he makes on the platform in the name of free speech risk being subsumed beneath the weight of a heavy Chinese hand controlling what Musk has rightly dubbed a global public square.\"
@elonmusk Elon Musk should remove my label. Also, when people want to like or RT my tweets, they are now reminded b… https:\/\/t.co\/f95d73Tnhk<\/p>— Chen Weihua （陈卫华） (@chenweihua)1651260105000<\/a><\/blockquote><\/div>
Chen Weihua, a journalist at the China Daily, appealed directly to Musk with the argument that such labels suppress free speech and contradict Musk's stated principles. The billionaire hasn't given a clear indication of how he would decide such matters.
\"By 'free speech', I simply mean that which matches the law,\" Musk wrote on Twitter. \"I am against censorship that goes far beyond the law.\"
Bots are another matter. China has also used automated and anonymous accounts to distribute the government's messages, which prompted Twitter to remove more than 170,000 accounts in 2020 for \"spreading geopolitical narratives favorable to the Communist Party.\" Musk has pledged to \"defeat the spam bots or die trying!\" and sounds determined to keep taking on the fake accounts.
If our twitter bid succeeds, we will defeat the spam bots or die trying!<\/p>— Elon Musk (@elonmusk)1650567235000<\/a><\/blockquote><\/div>
Beijing has shown a willingness to punish billionaires who don't comply with its wishes. Regulators have hammered the country's tech giants and effectively banished Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. co-founder Jack Ma from public view.
There are incentives on offer beyond the electric-vehicle market. Musk's SpaceX could certainly seek Chinese customers, while his Boring Co may profit from lucrative infrastructure contracts in the country.
And what of Twitter itself? A slice of the Chinese population employs virtual private networks to evade Beijing's control and use the service. Could Beijing also offer up access to its 1.4 billion people? Perhaps under the right terms. They would certainly not include free speech.
India<\/strong>
India is another high-stakes market for Twitter: there are half a billion internet users in the country and another half-billion getting online.
Twitter plays a role in India's online discourse similar to that in the US: the country's political leaders use it to get their messages out, which are then relayed across TV and news networks. Prime Minister Narendra Modi was an early adopter and has 78 million followers on the service -- more than Twitter has registered users in the country.
But the New Delhi government has insisted on far more control than Washington has ever been able to exert. Tensions in the relationship spiked during farmer protests in the country in 2020 and 2021 as Twitter and the government clashed over what sort of speech would be tolerated on the platform.
When farmers' groups demanded the repeal of certain laws they said favored corporate-run farms, they took to the streets and social media<\/a> to make their case, including Twitter. Modi's administration insisted the San Francisco-based company take down posts critical of its actions -- and Twitter at first refused to comply. Indian authorities then threatened to jail the company's executives, which prompted Twitter to permanently suspend more than 500 accounts and block access to hundreds more.
It was a direct example of how support for \"free speech\" can clash with government edicts and legal compliance. Later in 2021, New Delhi tightened its grip over social media such as Twitter and Facebook: The government insisted that companies identify specific individuals as grievance officers, who will be responsible for handling official removal requests and who could face prison terms for non-compliance. Twitter acceded, albeit after a delay.
It's not clear how Musk would reconcile his support for more free speech with such strict government controls.
\"Twitter should match the laws of the country,\" the owner-to-be said in an interview.
The issue is hardly limited to India. Nearby Sri Lanka restricted social media access in anticipation of protests in April, while Myanmar's military junta last year disrupted internet access altogether in its push to quell opposition. Researchers found Twitter was the most-blocked social media platform globally with a total 12,379 hours of outages in 2021.
By “free speech”, I simply mean that which matches the law. I am against censorship that goes far beyond the law.… https:\/\/t.co\/QU60ZnwPxs<\/p>— Elon Musk (@elonmusk)1651001613000<\/a><\/blockquote><\/div>
Southeast Asia<\/strong>
Southeast Asia has become one of the fastest-growing internet markets, fueled by countries like Indonesia and India getting their vast populations online.
But developing markets come with their own set of issues. Meta Platforms Inc names the Philippines, Vietnam and Indonesia as prominent sources of fake and duplicate accounts. Meta, whose Facebook and Instagram services face similar challenges to Twitter's, has for years reported in its annual filings that roughly 11% of its worldwide users are duplicate accounts and another 5% are fake. As with China, Twitter will have its work cut out to eradicate synthetic users.
Freedom of expression also bumps up against local laws in this region. Singapore passed a contentious \"foreign interference\" law last year granting it powers to demand user information from social networks, in an effort to prevent outsiders from swaying domestic politics. Would that square with Musk's ambition of free-wheeling expression?
Vietnam has posed similar challenges for online service providers like Facebook and Alphabet Inc's Google, with a cybersecurity law effectively forcing a choice between upholding user privacy and adhering to local rules.
The question to be answered over the coming years is how far Musk will stick with his promises of freeing up Twitter -- not just in the US, but in the rest of the world.
\"Asia is not North America and it is not Europe,\" said the Lowy Institute's Rose. \"Musk has a globalist view and his business interests to date have tended to be fairly universal. But something like media requires a more nuanced approach when applied globally.\"
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Elon Musk宏伟蓝图的Twitter在亚洲面临的现实
亚洲,超过一半的世界人口,是微博最大的增长机会,可以说是一个更加棘手的挑战。数字显示的麝香最大的头痛都在国外。Twitter的盈利每日活跃用户编号1.79亿国际2021年——3800万年在美国相形见绌
旧金山:所有的狂热Elon Musk后可能会倾斜我们政治话语的关键推特公司,他最大的挑战可能会出现在太平洋。
亚洲,超过一半的世界人口,是微博最大的增长机会,可以说是一个更加棘手的挑战。如果特斯拉公司和SpaceX亿万富翁承诺取消审查制度,他会遇到很多令人费解的规定,有时掌握在威权政府,推至极限,一大群首次互联网用户。
数字显示的麝香最大的头痛都在国外。Twitter的盈利每日活跃用户编号1.79亿国际——3800万于2021年在美国相形见绌,根据其最新的年度报告。
作为一家上市公司,Twitter一再强调必须遵守当地法规。一旦它是个私人问题由世界上最富有的人控制,灌木丛,导航的麝香会亲自承担责任,如果他失败的影响。
“亚洲有可能使或打破新微博JJ说:“玫瑰,撰稿人澳大利亚的无党派智库罗伊研究所。“这将取决于他的方法,如果他可以利用他的言论自由的目标。”
Twitter和麝香的代表没有回复记者的置评请求。
中国
Twitter在中国官方禁止,但是这个国家仍然会需求大量的麝香的注意。Amazon.com Inc .的创始人杰夫·贝佐斯在推特上提到了潜在的冲突麝香的协议后不久,问“中国政府刚刚获得的影响力在城市广场?”
一个显而易见的一点是,中国是非常重要的特斯拉,麝香的财富的主要来源。亿万富翁肯定会面临压力,隐式或显式,Twitter的政策进行微调,请北京。
作为世界上最大的电动汽车市场以及特斯拉电池供应商,中国的健康成长是至关重要的麝香的商业帝国的核心。特斯拉还得益于大幅减税设置他的上海Gigafactory——其首个海外工厂和被允许完全自己的本地业务,罕见的美国公司。
一个紧迫的问题是Twitter如何处理中国全球传播的努力宣传平台。公司为政府官员在2020年制定了标签和“中国官方媒体新华社和《环球时报》等出版物和读者想起这个政府支持他们喜欢的任何时间或转发的故事。中国媒体称为“恐吓”和实践已经开始游说亿万富翁回滚该事务。
”最激烈的考试之一,麝香的在推特上公开承诺扩大言论自由在于他是否经受压力从北京到粉饰批评和挑战中国的平台,“有人说,美国非营利组织的首席执行官的钢笔。“无论增量更改他的平台以言论自由的名义被包含的风险下沉重的中国手的重量控制麝香已经正确地称为全球公共广场。”
@elonmusk Elon Musk应该删除我的标签。而且,当人们想喜欢或RT我的微博,他们现在提醒b…https://t.co/f95d73Tnhk
陈卫华(陈卫华)(@chenweihua)1651260105000
陈卫华,在《中国日报》记者,直接上诉麝香等参数,标签压制言论自由和麝香的既定原则相矛盾。亿万富翁并没有给出明确的指示他将如何决定这些问题。
”,“言论自由”,我只是意味着匹配法,“麝香在推特上写道。“我反对审查制度,远远超出了法律”。
机器人是另一回事。中国也使用自动化和匿名账户发布政府信息,促使Twitter删除超过170000在2020年“散布地缘政治叙事有利于共产党。”Musk has pledged to "defeat the spam bots or die trying!" and sounds determined to keep taking on the fake accounts.
如果我们的twitter竞标成功,我们将击败垃圾邮件机器人或死在!
- Elon Musk (@elonmusk)1650567235000
北京已经表明愿意惩罚亿万富翁不符合它的愿望。监管机构打击该国的科技巨头和有效地驱逐阿里巴巴集团(Alibaba Group Holding ltd .)联合创始人马云从公众视线。
有激励提供超出了电动汽车市场。麝香的SpaceX公司当然可以寻求中国客户,而他的无聊的公司可能获利丰厚的基础设施合同。
Twitter本身呢?一片中国人口使用虚拟专用网络来规避中国政府的控制和使用服务。北京也可以提供访问了14亿人?也许在适当的条件。他们当然不包括言论自由。
印度
印度是另一个高风险的市场推特:有十亿互联网用户,另一个毁约金上网。
Twitter扮演了一个角色在印度的网络话语类似于美国:这个国家的政治领导人使用它来得到他们的信息,然后在电视转播和新闻网络。乐动扑克总理纳伦德拉•莫迪是一个早期采用者和服务——比推特上有7800万个粉丝已注册用户。
但新德里政府坚持控制远比华盛顿能够发挥。紧张局势上升的关系在2020年和2021年全国农民抗议期间在Twitter和政府发生冲突在什么样的言论会被容忍的平台。
当农民团体要求某些法律的废除他们说喜欢corporate-run农场,他们走上街头社交媒体使他们的情况下,包括Twitter。莫迪政府坚称,旧金山公司记下文章批评其行动——和Twitter起初拒绝服从。印度当局威胁要监狱公司的高管,这促使Twitter永久暂停超过500账户和屏蔽数百人。
这是一个直接的例子支持“言论自由”如何与政府法令和法律遵从性冲突。在2021年晚些时候,新德里加强了控制Twitter和Facebook等社交媒体:政府坚称,公司识别特定个人的不满官员,谁将负责处理官方删除请求,对违规者可能面临监禁。Twitter即位,尽管后延迟。
不清楚麝香会协调支持更多的言论自由和这样严格的政府管制。
“Twitter应与国家的法律,“owner-to-be在接受采访时表示。
这个问题并不局限于印度。附近斯里兰卡限制社交媒体4月访问的抗议,而缅甸军政府去年中断互联网完全在其努力平息反对。研究人员发现Twitter是most-blocked社交媒体平台在全球总2021年12379小时的停机。
“言论自由”,我只是意味着匹配。我反对审查制度,远远超出了法律。https://t.co/QU60ZnwPxs…
- Elon Musk (@elonmusk)1651001613000
东南亚
东南亚已经成为增长最快的互联网市场,由于印尼和印度等国在线获取庞大的人口。
但发展中国家市场有他们自己的问题。元平台公司名字菲律宾、越南和印度尼西亚著名的假的来源和重复的账户。元,他的Facebook和Twitter的Instagram服务面临类似的挑战,多年来在年度报告申请,全球约11%的用户是重复的账户,另一个5%是假的。与中国一样,Twitter将其根除合成用户的工作。
言论自由也增加了当地法律在这一地区。新加坡去年通过了一项有争议的“外国干涉”法律授予权力社交网络用户信息的需求,为了防止外人摇曳的国内政治。自由表达的会与麝香的雄心壮志吗?
越南为在线服务提供商提出了类似的挑战,比如Facebook和字母公司的谷歌,网络安全法律有效地迫使一个选择维护用户隐私和遵守当地的规则。
未来几年需要回答的问题是多远麝香将坚持他的承诺释放Twitter——不仅仅是在美国,但在世界其他地区。
“亚洲不是北美和它不是欧洲,”罗伊研究所的玫瑰说。“麝香支持全球主义者的观点和他的商业利益往往是相当普遍的。但类似的媒体需要一个更微妙的方式应用在全球范围内。”
<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>
SAN FRANCISCO: For all the furor about which way Elon Musk<\/a> might tilt US political discourse after getting the keys to Twitter<\/a> Inc, his biggest challenges may emerge across the Pacific.
Asia, home to more than half the world's population, is Twitter's biggest growth opportunity and arguably a far thornier challenge. If the Tesla Inc<\/a> and SpaceX billionaire makes good on promises to scrap censorship, he'll encounter a plethora of perplexing regulations, wielded by sometimes authoritarian governments, pushed to the limits by a horde of first-time internet users.
The numbers alone suggest Musk's biggest headaches lie abroad. Twitter's monetizable daily active users numbered 179 million internationally -- dwarfing the 38 million in the US in 2021, according to its latest annual report.
As a public company, Twitter has repeatedly emphasized it must abide by local regulations. Once it's a private concern controlled by the world's richest man, Musk will personally shoulder responsibility for navigating that thicket -- and the fallout if he fails.
\"Asia has the potential to make or break the new Twitter<\/a>,\" said JJ Rose, a contributor to Australia's nonpartisan Lowy Institute think tank. \"It will depend on how he approaches it, if he can harness it for his free speech aims.\"
Representatives for Twitter and Musk didn't respond to requests for comment.
China<\/strong>
Twitter is officially banned in China, but the country will still demand a lot of Musk's attention. Amazon.com Inc founder Jeff Bezos alluded to the potential conflicts in a tweet shortly after Musk's deal, asking \"Did the Chinese government just gain a bit of leverage over the town square?\"
An obvious point is that China is tremendously important for Tesla, the key source of Musk's wealth. The billionaire will certainly face pressures -- implicit or explicit -- to fine-tune Twitter's policies to please Beijing.
As the world's biggest electric-vehicle market as well as a supplier of Tesla batteries, China is essential to the healthy growth of the centerpiece of Musk's business empire. Tesla has also benefited from significant tax breaks in setting up his Shanghai Gigafactory -- its first overseas plant -- and been allowed to wholly own its local operations, a rarity for a US firm.
A pressing issue is how Twitter handles China's efforts to spread propaganda globally on the platform. The company in 2020 instituted labels for government officials and \"state-affiliated media\" for publications like Xinhua and Global Times, and readers are reminded of this government-backing any time they like or retweet stories. Chinese media have called the practice \"intimidation\" and already begun to lobby the billionaire to roll it back.
\"One of the fiercest tests of Musk's avowed commitment to expanding free speech on Twitter will lie in whether he withstands pressure from Beijing to whitewash criticisms and challenges of China on the platform,\" said Suzanne Nossel, CEO of non-profit advocacy group PEN America. \"Whatever incremental changes he makes on the platform in the name of free speech risk being subsumed beneath the weight of a heavy Chinese hand controlling what Musk has rightly dubbed a global public square.\"
@elonmusk Elon Musk should remove my label. Also, when people want to like or RT my tweets, they are now reminded b… https:\/\/t.co\/f95d73Tnhk<\/p>— Chen Weihua （陈卫华） (@chenweihua)1651260105000<\/a><\/blockquote><\/div>
Chen Weihua, a journalist at the China Daily, appealed directly to Musk with the argument that such labels suppress free speech and contradict Musk's stated principles. The billionaire hasn't given a clear indication of how he would decide such matters.
\"By 'free speech', I simply mean that which matches the law,\" Musk wrote on Twitter. \"I am against censorship that goes far beyond the law.\"
Bots are another matter. China has also used automated and anonymous accounts to distribute the government's messages, which prompted Twitter to remove more than 170,000 accounts in 2020 for \"spreading geopolitical narratives favorable to the Communist Party.\" Musk has pledged to \"defeat the spam bots or die trying!\" and sounds determined to keep taking on the fake accounts.
If our twitter bid succeeds, we will defeat the spam bots or die trying!<\/p>— Elon Musk (@elonmusk)1650567235000<\/a><\/blockquote><\/div>
Beijing has shown a willingness to punish billionaires who don't comply with its wishes. Regulators have hammered the country's tech giants and effectively banished Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. co-founder Jack Ma from public view.
There are incentives on offer beyond the electric-vehicle market. Musk's SpaceX could certainly seek Chinese customers, while his Boring Co may profit from lucrative infrastructure contracts in the country.
And what of Twitter itself? A slice of the Chinese population employs virtual private networks to evade Beijing's control and use the service. Could Beijing also offer up access to its 1.4 billion people? Perhaps under the right terms. They would certainly not include free speech.
India<\/strong>
India is another high-stakes market for Twitter: there are half a billion internet users in the country and another half-billion getting online.
Twitter plays a role in India's online discourse similar to that in the US: the country's political leaders use it to get their messages out, which are then relayed across TV and news networks. Prime Minister Narendra Modi was an early adopter and has 78 million followers on the service -- more than Twitter has registered users in the country.
But the New Delhi government has insisted on far more control than Washington has ever been able to exert. Tensions in the relationship spiked during farmer protests in the country in 2020 and 2021 as Twitter and the government clashed over what sort of speech would be tolerated on the platform.
When farmers' groups demanded the repeal of certain laws they said favored corporate-run farms, they took to the streets and social media<\/a> to make their case, including Twitter. Modi's administration insisted the San Francisco-based company take down posts critical of its actions -- and Twitter at first refused to comply. Indian authorities then threatened to jail the company's executives, which prompted Twitter to permanently suspend more than 500 accounts and block access to hundreds more.
It was a direct example of how support for \"free speech\" can clash with government edicts and legal compliance. Later in 2021, New Delhi tightened its grip over social media such as Twitter and Facebook: The government insisted that companies identify specific individuals as grievance officers, who will be responsible for handling official removal requests and who could face prison terms for non-compliance. Twitter acceded, albeit after a delay.
It's not clear how Musk would reconcile his support for more free speech with such strict government controls.
\"Twitter should match the laws of the country,\" the owner-to-be said in an interview.
The issue is hardly limited to India. Nearby Sri Lanka restricted social media access in anticipation of protests in April, while Myanmar's military junta last year disrupted internet access altogether in its push to quell opposition. Researchers found Twitter was the most-blocked social media platform globally with a total 12,379 hours of outages in 2021.
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