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SAN FRANCISCO: The buzz surrounding artificial intelligence<\/a> and the mass layoffs roiling the technology industry resonates with Ginni Rometty<\/a>, whose nearly 40-year career at IBM<\/a> culminated in her becoming CEO in 2012.
Just before Rometty became IBM's first woman CEO, the company's AI-powered computer Watson outwitted two of the most successful contestants in the history of the game show \"Jeopardy!\"
Rometty, 65, also had to occasionally jettison employees in an extension of cost-cutting layoffs that began in the 1990s as IBM adjusted to waves of technological upheaval that undercut its revenue.
After retiring from IBM in 2020, Rometty spent two years writing \"Good Power, \" a book she describes as a \"memoir with purpose.\" She recently spoke with The Associated Press about her career and the state of the tech industry now.
n your book, you mentioned you graduated from Northwestern in 1979 with just $4,000 in student debt. What do you think of the current debate about student debt relief?
<\/strong>Whether or not we have debt forgiveness, the bigger issue is around the educational institutions. I feel strongly universities should not be the only pathway in this country. Fifty percent of good jobs in this country are over credentialed. They require a degree when you don't really need one. Somewhere at the end of World War II, the American dream got attached to this idea that it's college or bust.
We have to have more accountability for community colleges and colleges so they teach what the market needs. And I don't mean hard skills, I mean the soft skills the market needs. And they don't do that today because even if you get a degree you often can't get a job.
What are your thoughts about the current state of AI, especially with so much attention centered on Microsoft's use of the ChatGPT language tool?
<\/strong>
I am a bit worried about that, I want to be sure we bring AI safely into the world. One thing I learned in the early days of AI is that this is a people and trust issue. It is not a technology issue. Because of how fast ChatGPT has spread, people almost immediately noticed it wasn't always right yet it acted authoritatively and it did some things that our values didn't appreciate.
You have to manage the upside and downside of the technology in parallel. And that is not what has always happened with technology. We have celebrated all the positives and then all of a sudden said, \"Oh, oh, there are some bad things here.\" I think this is our chance to at least be signaling to the public, \"Hey understand, this has got downsides and upsides.\"
Is it important for governments to impose regulations on AI?
<\/strong>
In fairness to lawmakers, do you think they really understand this? What we need is something I call \"precision regulation\" because I am afraid that in an effort to control AI we will completely inhibit the positive side of it. We will lose the upside as we try to manage the downside.
If you go to the doctor and say, \"My finger hurts,\" you don't want to cut your arm off, right? My example of precision regulation is to regulate its use, not the technology. Talk about the areas you think it's OK to use it in and the area where you think it should not be used in. I think it is impossible to regulate the technology itself.
Have you been surprised by the magnitude of layoffs sweeping the tech industry?
<\/strong>
I think you are seeing everyone reacting to the environment. Those that over hired (during the pandemic) are adjusting. I also think you see a reaction in this economy to what is being valued as not growth at any price. It's profitable growth. You have to be efficient.
And so now I think for the very first time efficiency is entering the picture for some companies. It may be because the environment changed. It may be because someone attacks your business model. So what you are seeing is a recalibration reacting to the external environment.
How do you think Elizabeth Holmes<\/a>' recent conviction for fraud while she was running Theranos has affected the perception of women leaders in tech?
<\/strong>
To me, she doesn't define the future of women in tech. I consider that situational. I think there are things to learn from it, but I think it speaks more to the great hope that people have for technology. You don't want to set the expectation so high that you can't make it.
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前IBM首席执行官AI,裁员,女性领导者在科技
“公平地说,国会议员,你认为他们真正理解这个吗?我们需要的是我称之为“精确管理”,因为我怕为了控制AI我们将完全抑制它的积极的一面。我们将失去上行管理的缺点。”
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旧金山:周围的嗡嗡声人工智能和大规模裁员滚滚的科技行业共鸣吉尼·罗梅蒂,其近40年的职业生涯IBM最终以她在2012年成为首席执行官。
罗梅蒂成为IBM的第一位女性首席执行官之前,该公司的AI-powered计算机沃森瞒骗两个历史上最成功的选手的游戏节目“Jeopardy !”
罗梅蒂,65年,偶尔还必须抛弃员工裁员削减成本的延伸,在1990年代,IBM开始一波又一波的技术调整剧变,削弱其收入。
罗梅蒂从IBM在2020年退休后,花了两年时间写“良好的权力,”她一本书描述为“回忆录的目的。”She recently spoke with The Associated Press about her career and the state of the tech industry now.
n你的书,你提到你于1979年毕业于西北大学只有4000美元的学生贷款。你认为当前争论的学生债务减免吗?
我们是否有债务减免,更大的问题是教育机构。我感到强烈的大学不应该在这个国家的唯一途径。百分之五十的好工作在这个国家是受到信任。他们需要一个当你不需要一个学位。在第二次世界大战结束时,美国梦有附加到这个想法的学院或破产。
我们必须对社区学院和大学,这样他们有更多的责任教育市场的需求。我不是指硬技能,我的意思是软技能的市场需求。今天他们不做,因为即使你得到一个学位,你经常找不到工作。
你有什么想法关于人工智能的当前状态,尤其是在如此多的注意力集中在微软的使用ChatGPT语言的工具吗?
我有点担心,我想确保我们给这个世界带来了AI安全。有一件事我学会了在早期的人工智能是这是一个人,信任问题。它不是一个技术问题。因为ChatGPT速度蔓延,人们几乎立即注意到并不是总是对的但它是命令式地和它做了一些事情,我们的价值观没有升值。
你必须管理并行技术的上行和下行。这不是一直发生在技术。我们有庆祝所有的优点,然后突然说,“哦,哦,这里有一些不好的事情。”I think this is our chance to at least be signaling to the public, "Hey understand, this has got downsides and upsides."
是重要的政府法规强加于人工智能吗?
公平的议员,你认为他们真的理解这个吗?我们需要的是我称之为“精确管理”,因为我怕为了控制AI我们将完全抑制它的积极的一面。我们将失去好处当我们试图管理的缺点。
如果你去看医生,说:“我的手指疼,“你不想打断你的手臂,对吧?我的精密调控的例子是规范其使用,而不是技术。讨论的领域你认为这是可以使用它的地方你认为它不应该被使用。我认为调节技术本身是不可能的。
你惊讶过裁员席卷科技行业的大小?
我认为你是看每个人对环境的反应。那些在雇佣(在大流行期间)调整。我也认为你看到一个反应在这个经济价值,而不是增长在任何价格。它的盈利增长。你必须有效。
所以现在我想第一次效率是进入一些公司的前景。这可能是因为环境的改变。这可能是因为有人袭击你的商业模式。所以你看到的是重新调整应对外部环境。
你怎么认为伊丽莎白福尔摩斯最近她跑步时被判欺诈Theranos科技影响了女性领导者的看法?
对我来说,她不定义女性在科技的未来。我认为情境。我认为有东西要学,但我认为这是伟大的希望人们对技术。你不想设置期望这么高,你不能做到。
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