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In your last meeting with the IT minister and other officials in August this year the government was not satisfied with WhatsApp's response and steps taken to curb fake news, encryption, inflammatory content etc. What steps have you taken since then to address government concerns?
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WhatsApp enables over 200 million people in India to communicate with friends, loved ones and colleagues around the globe and trust that their conversations will remain private. In addition to making changes to WhatsApp, we've launched new digital literacy efforts and public education campaigns. People sometimes find it surprising that over 90% of messages sent on WhatsApp are between two people and the majority of groups have less than ten people. We want to keep WhatsApp the way it was built to be - a place for private conversations, like you have in your home.
To do that, we're piloting a limit on forwarded messages, which has significantly reduced forwarding, we've labeled forwarded messages and provided new controls to group administrators. In order to better understand the most effective ways to tackle the societal issue of misinformation, we'll be awarding grants to twenty researchers around the word, including three in India. We're also investing heavily in improving our systems to ban automated accounts and block spammers from abusing our systems. We care deeply about the safety of our users and remain fully committed to end-to-end encryption because of the privacy and security benefits it brings.
You have said end-to-end encryption will not be sacrificed. In that case how do you address concerns of law enforcement agencies in identifying origin of malicious content and so on?<\/strong>
Fighting misinformation is a societal challenge that requires action from all of us - technology companies, civil society, government and the users of our platforms. It's important to understand that WhatsApp messages are end-to-end encrypted and we do not know — and therefore cannot provide — the content or the originator of private messages. To do this, we would have to redesign our systems and revise our privacy standards to indiscriminately track user data. We think this is overly intrusive from a privacy perspective.
That said, the limited information WhatsApp collects can help law enforcement prevent and solve crimes. This summer we met with law enforcement officials across India to explain how to request information from WhatsApp during their investigations and how to use WhatsApp as a resource within their local communities.
We also recognize that relying on law enforcement isn't enough — whenever you introduce new technology, there needs to be broad education to explain how to stay safe. That's why we're working with the Digital Empowerment Foundation to conduct digital literacy trainings across 15 states and have launched large-scale public education campaigns with tips on how to spot false news. We've reached 100 million people across the country on the radio, online, and in print. We think education and empowerment of users can make a big difference in the long run.
What steps have you taken to curb fake news on WhatsApp. How effective have these been?<\/strong>
Fake news can come in many forms. The steps we've taken are designed to help slow the spread of misinformation and educate users. As I said, we've piloted limits on forwarding messages to help stop the spread of misinformation, making WhatsApp one of the few technology companies to intentionally constrain sharing.
Over time, we may find more creative and less blunt ways to address misinformation. We're also continuing to invest in identifying and banning automated accounts. We do this by training machine learning classifiers to analyze accounts for automated or abnormal broadcast behavior and spam. In the lead up to last Sunday's election in Brazil, we banned hundreds of thousands of accounts.
We'll continue to invest heavily in public education and integrity operations as we look to the upcoming state elections and the nation-wide vote next year. Our users can help here too. Whenever you receive a message from someone outside your contact list, we display a message that asks if you want to block or report that user. We encourage people to use these tools to help us keep WhatsApp safe. I'll also stress that although we're very focused on rooting out spam and other types of automated behavior on WhatsApp, it's very much an adversarial game - even if we're perfect at catching automated accounts today, they'll change their behavior and come back tomorrow, so we're constantly learning, refining, and improving.
What will be the focus of your discussions with the government during this visit?<\/strong>
A key focus of my visit is how WhatsApp can support Indian businesses and drive economic growth. I believe there are over 50 million small businesses in India. WhatsApp is building tools to help these businesses connect with their customers, respond to questions, and close sales.
An eyewear company in Bengaluru called Glassic told us that 30 percent of their new sales come from WhatsApp chats. We're announcing this week a project with Startup India where WhatsApp will directly support new Indian-owned businesses and entrepreneurs.
We're also working with the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) to provide training and best practices to small business owners, both on the ground and via webinars. Of course, I'll also provide government officials with an update on our efforts to address the challenge of misinformation headed into the very important 2019 elections.
Staffing remains a challenge for WhatsApp. You appointed a grievance office, Komal Lahiri, but she’s based in Menlo Park Hq. You don’t have a country head. You don’t have feet on ground in India to address queries in real time, face-to-face.
How do you plan to address this? Will WhatsApp, which has its largest user base in India, be run remotely from the US?<\/strong>
I'm excited that India will be home to our first country team. We'll have a Head of WhatsApp India named by the end of the year, who will be empowered to grow a local team that can serve our customers in India as well as work with partners and the government of India. We're also hiring locally for senior roles in the partnerships, operations, policy and legal teams.
While there's no substitute for being in India in real-time, I'm proud that many of our most senior WhatsApp leaders, including our Head of Engineering and Head of Operations, have deep roots in India. Their insights and perspective shape WhatsApp today and I trust that will continue well into the future. As for the location of our Grievance Officer - we've made the same decision many other technology companies have made — to co-locate our Grievance Officer with the support teams carrying out her direction. This structure enables Komal, who has nearly 20 years of experience leading large risk and safety operations for large technology companies, to provide immediate counsel on incoming queries and ultimately be more effective for our Indian users.
When do you plan to set up local data centres? The Reserve Bank of India has made it clear that the only option is local data hosting and not mirroring. Do you have any issues with this?<\/strong>
We're hoping to bring WhatsApp payments to even more businesses and consumers across India. To make this a reality, we began work earlier this year to localize payments data and now store the required payments data in India. We believe it's critical that Indian leaders ensure a level playing field and that companies operating in India receive equal treatment.
We remain in beta here pending guidance from NPCI, and in the meantime our teams are turning their focus to building WhatsApp payments for other countries so we can start to bring the same payments services to people throughout the world. We are excited that many other countries are interested in having these services.
In line with RBI guidelines if you store payments data in India, will you also be storing messaging content in India only? If not, why not?<\/strong>
WhatsApp is an end-to-end encrypted private messaging service. When you send a message it gets encrypted on your mobile device and passes through our systems encrypted. The message only gets decrypted when it arrives at the recipient's phone. WhatsApp does not have the ability to read these private messages and we do not retain them once they are delivered. Privacy and security are true hallmarks of our product, and we have no plans to change these safeguards.
Early in October WhatsApp entered into a partnership with Reliance Jio<\/a> to educate users on how to use the messaging platform. Are you planning similar partnerships with Airtel, others?<\/strong>
We've worked closely with Reliance Jio to develop the WhatsApp for JioPhone. I'm excited to see it's off to a great start! We complemented last month's launch with an education campaign about how to use the product safely on feature phones. We took our safety campaign to the streets, with a traveling van tour that included plays to teach people how to use WhatsApp in a safe and responsible way. We'd love to expand our partnerships in India. This will be a big focus for our new Head of WhatsApp India.
How important is India for WhatsApp? How many companies use WhatsApp Business in India?<\/strong>
India is incredibly important to WhatsApp. It will be the first country where we'll have local WhatsApp teams working with civil society and engaging with the government. I personally find myself coming here more and more. We've spent nearly two years working to build WhatsApp payments to Indian specifications so we can help more people participate in the digital economy.
As the world's largest democracy - India is a nation that values competition, economic empowerment for all, privacy, and respect for individual rights. As WhatsApp continues to grow in popularity in India, it's my hope that we can continue to provide great products that improve the lives of the people of India and make doing business easier. It's thrilling to see that there are over one million users of WhatsApp Business products in India.
Overall, what’s the monetising strategy? Are you making money in India?<\/strong>
Currently, we're approaching monetisation in two ways. In August, we launched the WhatsApp Business API, which enables large companies like MakeMyTrip<\/a> to send information like tickets to users on WhatsApp. Businesses pay to send those messages.
In the future, we'll place ads in WhatsApp Status, which is our Stories feature. We think this is an appropriate place for ads within WhatsApp. WhatsApp will remain free for people to use and we remain fully committed to end-to-end encryption. With our full set of features in place for both people and businesses, we believe WhatsApp will continue to contribute to economic growth here in India.
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在你的上次会议的部长和其他官员在今年8月政府对WhatsApp不满意的反应,采取措施遏制假新闻,加密、炎症等内容。之后你会采取哪些措施来解决政府问题?乐动扑克
WhatsApp使超过2亿人在印度和朋友交流,世界各地的亲人和同事,相信他们的谈话仍将是私有的。除了更改WhatsApp,我们推出了新的数字素养努力和公共教育运动。人们有时觉得奇怪,超过90%的消息在WhatsApp两个人之间和大多数组织已经不到十人。我们要保持WhatsApp建造方式——私人谈话的地方,就像你在家里。
要做到这一点,我们驾驶限制转发消息,明显减少了转发,我们标签转发消息和提供新的控件组管理员。为了更好地理解最有效的方法来解决社会问题的错误信息,我们将授予赠款20字的研究人员,其中包括三名在印度。我们还大力投资改善系统禁止自动账户和阻止垃圾邮件发送者滥用我们的系统。我们非常关心我们的用户的安全,保持完全致力于端到端加密,因为它带来的隐私和安全利益。
你说的端到端加密不会牺牲。在这种情况下你如何解决问题的执法机构在识别恶意内容的起源等等?
战斗的错误信息是一个社会的挑战,需要我们行动——科技企业,公民社会、政府和用户的平台。重要的是要明白WhatsApp端到端加密和消息我们不知道-,因此不能提供私人信息的内容或发起人。要做到这一点,我们将不得不重新设计系统和修改我们的隐私标准不分青红皂白地跟踪用户数据。我们认为这是过于侵入从隐私的角度来看。
说,有限的信息WhatsApp收集可以帮助执法部门预防和解决犯罪问题。今年夏天我们会见了印度各地执法官员解释如何从WhatsApp请求信息在他们的调查以及如何使用WhatsApp作为资源在当地社区。
我们也认识到依靠执法是不够的——当你引入新技术,需要有广泛的教育来解释如何保持安全。这就是为什么我们使用数字授权基础上进行数字素养培训在15个州发起了大规模的公共教育运动和如何发现虚假新闻。乐动扑克我们已经达到了1亿人在全国各地的广播,在网上,和打印。我们认为教育和赋权的用户可以产生很大的影响。
你会采取哪些措施来遏制WhatsApp假新闻。乐动扑克这些效果如何了?
假新闻可以乐动扑克有许多形式。我们采取的措施是为了帮助减缓错误信息的传播和教育用户。就像我说的,我们驾驶限制转发消息来帮助防止错误信息的传播,使WhatsApp为数不多的技术公司故意限制共享。
随着时间的推移,我们会发现更多的创意和更少的钝地址错误信息的方法。我们还继续在识别和禁止自动投资账户。我们通过培训机器学习分类器来分析占自动化或广播异常行为和垃圾邮件。导致上周日的选举在巴西,我们禁止了成千上万的账户。
我们将继续大力投资在公共教育和完整性操作展望即将到来的州议会选举,明年全国投票。我们的用户也可以在这里提供帮助。当你收到消息从别人在你的联系人列表,我们显示一条消息,询问您是否想要阻止或用户报告。我们鼓励人们使用这些工具来帮助我们保持WhatsApp安全。我还强调,尽管我们非常关注铲除垃圾邮件和其他类型的自动化行为WhatsApp,很一个对抗性的游戏——即使今天我们完美的捕捉自动账户,他们会改变他们的行为,明天回来,所以我们不断学习、精炼和改进。
将你与政府讨论的焦点访问期间吗?
我访问的重点是WhatsApp如何支持印度企业和推动经济增长。我相信在印度有5000万多个小型企业。WhatsApp构建工具来帮助这些企业与顾客联系,回答问题,并关闭销售。
一家眼镜公司在班加罗尔叫Glassic告诉我们,他们的新销售额的30%来自WhatsApp聊天。我们本周宣布的项目启动印度WhatsApp将直接支持新印度的企业和企业家。
我们也与印度工业联合会(CII)为小企业主提供培训和最佳实践,在地面上和通过网络研讨会。当然,我也会为政府官员提供一个更新在我们努力解决错误信息进入的挑战非常重要的2019年大选。
员工对WhatsApp仍然是一个挑战。你指定一个申诉办公室,Komal Lahiri,但她位于门洛帕克市总部。你没有一个国家的头。你没有在印度的脚在地面实时地址查询,面对面。
你打算怎么解决这个问题?将WhatsApp,其最大的用户群在印度,从美国远程运行?
我很激动,印度将拥有我们的第一个国家的团队。我们将会有一头WhatsApp印度被今年年底,将授权种植当地的团队,可以为我们的客户在印度以及印度与合作伙伴和政府工作。我们还招聘本地的高级角色伙伴关系、操作、政策和法律团队。
虽然是不可替代的实时在印度,我很自豪,我们的许多最WhatsApp高层领导人,包括我们的工程主管和业务主管,在印度有其深刻的根源。今天他们的见解和观点形状WhatsApp,我相信还会持续到未来。至于我们申诉官的位置——我们做了相同的决定许多其他技术公司——我们在同一个地点协同工作不满官与支持团队执行她的方向。这种结构使Komal,近20年的经验主要大型大型科技公司的风险和安全操作,提供直接的法律顾问在传入的查询并最终为我们的印度用户更有效。
你什么时候打算建立本地数据中心?印度储备银行已明确表示,唯一的选择就是本地数据托管和镜像。你有什么问题吗?
我们希望为更多的企业和消费者带来WhatsApp支付印度各地。使这成为现实,我们今年早些时候开始本地化支付数据和在印度现在存储所需的支付数据。我们相信这是很重要的一个方面,印度领导人确保一个公平的竞争环境,公司在印度得到平等对待。
我们仍处于测试阶段在这里等待NPCI指导,与此同时,我们的团队正将重点转向建筑WhatsApp支付其他国家我们可以带来同样的支付服务,世界各地的人们。我们感到兴奋,许多其他国家也拥有这些服务感兴趣。
符合央行的指导方针,如果你支付数据存储在印度,你也会存储消息内容只在印度吗?如果没有,为什么不呢?
WhatsApp是一个端到端的加密的私人通讯服务。当你发送一条消息被加密到移动设备上,通过我们的系统加密。消息只被解密当它到达收件人的电话。WhatsApp没有能力读这些私人信息,我们不保留他们一旦交付。隐私和安全是我们产品的真正标志,我们不打算改变这些保障措施。
早在10月WhatsApp进入与依赖Jio教育用户如何使用消息传递平台。你计划类似的伙伴关系与Airtel,其他人呢?
我们与信实Jio密切合作开发JioPhone WhatsApp。我很兴奋地看到这是一个伟大的开始!我们补充上个月推出的教育运动如何安全使用产品在功能手机。我们把安全运动走上街头,旅行van巡演,其中包括戏剧教人们如何使用WhatsApp在一个安全的和负责任的方式。我们想扩大我们的合作伙伴在印度。这将是对我们的一大关注点WhatsApp印度的新负责人。
印度WhatsApp有多重要?许多公司在印度使用WhatsApp业务如何?
WhatsApp印度是非常重要的。这将是第一个国家,我们有当地WhatsApp团队与政府与民间社会以及迷人。我个人发现自己来到这里越来越多。我们已经工作了近20年建立WhatsApp支付印度的规格我们可以帮助更多的人参与到数字经济。
作为世界上最大的民主国家,印度是一个国家,价值竞争,经济赋权,隐私,以及对个人权利的尊重。WhatsApp持续增长在印度受欢迎,我希望我们可以继续提供好的产品,改善印度人民的生活,使更容易做生意。这是激动人心的,有超过一百万的用户在印度WhatsApp业务产品。
总的来说,货币化的策略是什么?你在印度赚钱吗?
目前,我们以两种方式接近盈利。今年8月,我们推出了WhatsApp业务API,它允许这样的大公司MakeMyTrip像WhatsApp门票用户发送信息。企业支付发送这些消息。
在未来,我们将把广告WhatsApp状态,这是我们的故事的特性。我们认为这是一个适当的地方在WhatsApp广告。WhatsApp仍将免费供人们使用,我们仍然完全致力于端到端加密。与我们的全套的特性对个人和企业,我们相信WhatsApp将继续为经济增长做出贡献在印度。
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