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NEW YORK: Before the artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT<\/a> was unleashed into the world, the novelist Robin Sloan was testing a similar AI writing assistant built by researchers at Google<\/a>.
It didn't take long for Sloan, author of the bestseller \"Mr. Penumbra's 24-Hour Bookstore,\" to realize that the technology was of little use to him.
\"A lot of the state-of-the-art AI right now is impressive enough to really raise your expectations and make you think, 'Wow, I'm dealing with something really, really capable,'\" Sloan said. \"But then in a thousand little ways, a million little ways, it ends up kind of disappointing you and betraying the fact that it really has no idea what's going on.\"
Another company might have released the experiment into the wild anyway, as the startup OpenAI<\/a> did with its ChatGPT tool late last year. But Google has been more cautious about who gets to play with its AI advancements despite growing pressure for the internet<\/a> giant to compete more aggressively with rival Microsoft<\/a>, which is pouring billions of dollars into OpenAI and fusing its technology into Microsoft products.
That pressure is starting to take a toll, as Google has asked one of its AI teams to \"prioritize working on a response to ChatGPT,\" according to an internal memo reported this week<\/a> by CNBC. Google declined to confirm if there was a public chatbot in the works but spokesperson Lily Lin said it continues \"to test our AI technology internally to make sure it's helpful and safe, and we look forward to sharing more experiences externally soon.\"
Some of the technological breakthroughs driving the red-hot field of generative AI - which can churn out paragraphs of readable text<\/a> and new images<\/a> as well as music<\/a> and video - have been pioneered in Google's vast research arm.
\"So we have an important stake in this area, but we also have an important stake in not just leading in being able to generate things, but also in dealing with information quality,\" said Zoubin Ghahramani, vice president of research at Google, in a November interview with The Associated Press.
Ghahramani said the company wants to also be measured about what it releases, and how: \"Do we want to make it accessible in a way that people can produce stuff en masse without any controls? The answer to that is no, not at this stage. I don't think it would be responsible for us to be the people driving that.\"
And they weren't. Four weeks after the AP interview, OpenAI released its ChatGPT for free to anyone with an internet connection. Millions of people around the world have now tried it, sparking searing discussions at schools and corporate offices about the future of education and work.
OpenAI declined to comment on comparisons with Google. But in announcing their extended partnership in January, Microsoft and OpenAI said they are committed to building \"AI systems and products that are trustworthy and safe.\"
As a literary assistant, neither ChatGPT nor Google's creative writing version comes close to what a human can do, Sloan said.
A fictionalized Google was central to the plot of Sloan's popular 2012 novel about a mysterious San Francisco bookstore. That's likely one reason the company invited him along with several other authors to test its experimental Wordcraft<\/a> Writers Workshop, derived from a powerful AI system known as LaMDA.
Like other language-learning models, including the GPT line built by OpenAI, Google's LaMDA can generate convincing passages of text and converse with humans based on what it's processed from a trove of online writings and digitized books. Facebook parent Meta<\/a> and Amazon have also built their own big models, which can improve voice assistants like Alexa, predict the next sentence of an email or translate languages in real time.
When it first announced its LaMDA model in 2021, Google emphasized its versatility but also raised the risks of harmful misuse and the possibility it could mimic and amplify biased, hateful or misleading information.
Some of the Wordcraft writers found it useful as a research tool - like a faster and more decisive version of a Google search - as they asked for a list of \"rabbit breeds and their magical qualities\" or \"a verb for the thing fireflies do\" or to \"Tell me about Venice in 1700,″ according to Google's paper on the project. But it was less effective as a writer or rewriter, turning out boring sentences riddled with cliches and showing some gender bias.
\"I believe them - that they're being thoughtful and cautious,\" Sloan said of Google. \"It's just not the model of a reckless technologist who is in a hurry to get this out into the world no matter what.\"
Google's development of these models hasn't been without internal acrimony. First, it ousted<\/a> some prominent researchers who were examining the risks of the technology. And last year, it fired an engineer who publicly posted a conversation with LaMDA in which the model falsely claimed it had human-like consciousness, with a \"range of both feelings and emotions.\"
While ChatGPT and its competitors might never produce acclaimed works of literature, the expectation is they will soon begin to transform other professional tasks - from helping to debug computer code to composing marketing pitches and speeding up the production of a slide presentation.
That's key to why Microsoft, as a seller of workplace software, is eager to enhance its suite of products with the latest OpenAI tools. The benefits are less clear to Google, which largely depends on the advertising dollars it gets when people search for information online.
\"If you ask the question and get the wrong answer, it's not great for a search engine,\" said Dexter Thillien, a technology analyst for the London-based Economist Intelligence Unit.
Microsoft also has a search engine - Bing - but ChatGPT's answers are too inaccurate and outdated, and the cost to run its queries too expensive, for the technology to pose a serious risk to Google's dominant search business, Thillien said.
Google has said that its earlier large language model, named BERT, is already playing a role in answering online searches. Such models can help generate the fact boxes that increasingly appear next to Google's ranked list of web links.
Asked in November about the hype around AI applications such as OpenAI's image-generator DALL-E, Ghahramani acknowledged, in a playful tone, that \"it's a little bit annoying sometimes because we know that we have developed a lot of these technologies.\"
\"We're not in this to get the 'likes' and the clicks, right?\" he said, noting that Google has been a leader in publishing AI research that others can build upon.
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谷歌与微软拥抱OpenAI buzz下一步行动
另一家公司可能释放到野外实验,如启动OpenAI ChatGPT工具去年年底。但谷歌更加谨慎,谁来玩互联网巨头的AI进步尽管越来越大的压力与竞争对手微软更积极地竞争,向OpenAI注入数十亿美元和融合技术为微软产品。
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纽约:之前人工智能工具ChatGPT被释放到世界,小说家罗宾·斯隆写助理由测试类似的人工智能研究人员谷歌。
没多久,斯隆,畅销书的作者“半影先生的24小时书店”意识到技术是对他没什么用。
“现在很多先进的人工智能足够令人印象深刻的真正提高你的期望,使你想,“哇,我处理一些非常能干,’”斯隆说。“但一千年小方面,一百万年小方面,它最终的失望和背叛的事实真的不知道发生了什么。”
另一家公司可能释放到野外实验,启动OpenAI与去年年底ChatGPT工具。但谷歌更加谨慎,谁玩的AI进步尽管越来越大的压力互联网巨大的力度与竞争对手竞争微软向OpenAI注入数十亿美元和其技术融合到微软的产品。
压力开始产生负面影响,随着谷歌要求AI的团队“应对ChatGPT优先工作,”据一位内部备忘录本周报道由CNBC。谷歌拒绝证实是否有公共聊天机器人工作但发言人表示,仍在“内部测试我们的人工智能技术,以确保它是有用的和安全的,我们期待着分享更多的经验在外部很快。”
的一些技术突破推动炽热的生成人工智能领域——这可以生产出段落可读的文本和新照片以及音乐和视频——已经率先在谷歌的庞大的研究机构。
“所以我们在这个领域有一个重要的股份,但我们也有一个重要的股份不只是领导能够生成的东西,而且在处理信息质量,“说Zoubin Ghahramani,研究谷歌的副总裁,在11月美联社的采访中谈到。
Ghahramani表示,该公司希望也是衡量一下版本,以及如何:“我们想让它可以在某种程度上,人们可以产生集体的东西没有任何控制?答案是不,不是在这个阶段。我不认为这将负责我们的人开车。”
和他们没有。四个星期后,美联社的采访中,OpenAI免费发布了ChatGPT对任何与互联网连接。数以百万计的世界各地的人们已经试过,引发的讨论在学校和公司的办公场所的未来教育和工作。
与谷歌OpenAI拒绝评论比较。但在1月宣布扩大合作,微软和OpenAI说,他们正在致力于建设“人工智能系统和产品值得信赖和安全。”
作为一个文学助理,无论是ChatGPT还是谷歌的创意写作版本接近人类能做什么,斯隆说。
小说谷歌核心的情节斯隆流行2012年的小说是一个神秘的旧金山书店。这是可能的一个原因公司邀请他连同其他几个作者测试实验Wordcraft作家研讨会,来自一个强大的人工智能系统称为λ。
像其他语言学习模型,包括GPT线由OpenAI,谷歌的λ可以产生令人信服的段落文本匡威与人类基于从一批处理网络作品和数字化书籍。Facebook的父元和亚马逊也建立了自己的大模型,可以改善语音助手和Alexa一样,预测下一个句子的实时电子邮件或翻译语言。
在2021年首次宣布其λ模式时,谷歌强调它的多功能性,还提高了有害的滥用的风险,它可以模拟和放大的偏见,可恶的或误导的信息。
一些Wordcraft作家发现它有用的研究工具——就像一个更快、更果断的版本的谷歌搜索,他们要求的列表“兔品种及其神奇的品质”或“萤火虫做的事一个动词”或“告诉我关于威尼斯在1700年,“根据谷歌的纸项目。但不那么有效作为一个作家或改写,把无聊的句子充斥着陈词滥调,显示出一些性别偏见。
“我相信他们,他们是深思熟虑,谨慎,”斯隆说谷歌。“这只是不是一个鲁莽的技术员的模型是急于得到这个世界不管怎样。”
这些模型没有谷歌的发展没有内部的争论。首先,它被一些知名研究人员正在检测技术的风险。去年,它发射一个工程师公开发布和λ的模型谎称有类似人类的意识,以“范围的感觉和情绪。”
虽然ChatGPT及其竞争对手可能永远不会产生著名的文学作品,期望他们将很快开始变换其他专业的任务——从帮助调试计算机代码组合营销场地和加快生产的幻灯片。
为什么微软的关键,作为一个卖家的工作软件,迫切希望加强与最新的OpenAI工具系列产品。好处是不清楚谷歌,这很大程度上取决于广告美元当人们在线搜索信息。
“如果你问问题并得到错误的答案,这不是对一个搜索引擎,”德克斯特Thillien说,总部位于伦敦的经济学家情报单位的技术分析师。
微软也有一个搜索引擎,Bing——但ChatGPT的回答太不准确的和过时的,运行的查询的成本过于昂贵,对谷歌构成严重风险的技术占主导地位的搜索业务,Thillien说。
谷歌表示,其早些时候大语言模型,名叫伯特,已经发挥了作用在回答在线搜索。这样的模型可以帮助生成事实盒子,越来越多地出现在谷歌的排名列表旁边的web链接。
问11月炒作AI应用如OpenAI图像发生器DALL-E, Ghahramani承认,用开玩笑的语气,“有时候有点烦人,因为我们知道,我们开发了很多这些技术。”
“我们不是在这个“喜欢”和点击,对吧?”他说,并指出,谷歌一直出版人工智能研究的领导者,其他人可以建立。
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