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NEW DELHI: Google<\/a> is planning a legal challenge to block a ruling by India's antitrust watchdog<\/a> to change its approach to its Android<\/a> operating system, concerned that it will restrict how it promotes the platform, sources with direct knowledge of the situation told Reuters.
The Alphabet Inc<\/a> unit has been fined $275 million in two Indian antitrust decisions since last week - one for its policies of charging in-app commissions and another for abusing its position in the market for Android operating system.
The rulings come as Google faces increased antitrust scrutiny across the world. Last month, it suffered a major setback when a European court upheld a 2018 ruling saying it was largely confirming a decision that the company imposed \"unlawful restrictions on manufacturers of Android mobile devices.\" Google plans to appeal the decision, where it faces a record $4.1 billion fine.
The Competition Commission of India's (CCI<\/a>) Android ruling, despite involving a smaller $162 million fine, has worried Google since it seeks wider ranging remedial measures, three sources aware of company's thinking said.
One of the sources said that Google was concerned that the CCI's decision could increase regulatory pressures in other jurisdictions and a legal appeal to block implementation of the antitrust directive was being planned within weeks.
Google declined to comment on its legal plans, reiterating its statement from last week that the CCI order was \"a major setback for Indian consumers and businesses, opening serious security risks ... and raising the cost of mobile devices for Indians.\"
Abhishek Manu Singhvi, lead counsel for Google in its arguments before the CCI, tweeted on Wednesday that \"inherent & patent infirmities\" in the order make a challenge inevitable and likely to succeed.
Google has faced criticism globally that it licenses its Android operating system to smartphones players but signs restrictive agreements that are anti-competitive. The U.S. firm maintains that Android has created more choice for everyone and such agreements help keep the operating system free.
In the European Commission case, for example, its antitrust authority in 2018 ruled Google abused its dominant position by forcing manufacturers to pre-install two of its apps - Google Search and its Chrome<\/a> browser - together with its Google Play store on Android devices.
The Indian order, one of the sources said, is concerning as it goes further and imposes restrictions on a wider array of Google apps - \"Licensing of Play Store ... shall not be linked with the requirement of pre-installing\" Google search services, Chrome browser, YouTube, Google Maps, Gmail<\/a> or any other application of Google,\" the CCI noted.
Faisal Kawoosa, founder of Indian research firm Techarc, said such pre-installation restrictions could force Google to think of different revenue models such as charging device makers a licence fee for Android in India, as they did in Europe.
\"The CCI directions strike at the heart of Google's revenue model for Android - which relies on a volume game where larger the user base is, multiple the avenues to monetize,\" Kawoosa said.
In Europe, 75% of 550 million smartphones run on Android, compared with 97% of 600 million devices in India, Counterpoint Research estimates.
Google is also concerned that the CCI has ordered it not to impose any restrictions in India on so-called \"sideloading<\/a>\", a practice of downloading apps without using an app store, and to allow other app stores to be available within its Play Store, two of the sources said.
These are, however, expected to lift the prospects of domestic rivals, such as Indus App Bazaar, which offer thousands of apps in English and local languages. The order \"will give rise to more choice and innovation for Indian developers,\" Indus said this week.
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谷歌计划法律挑战印度反垄断打击Android:来源
字母表公司单位已经被罚款2.75亿美元在两个印度垄断决策自上周以来——一个收费应用内的政策委员会,另一个用于滥用其Android操作系统市场的地位。
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新德里消息:谷歌计划阻止裁决的法律挑战印度的反垄断监管机构改变它的方法安卓操作系统,担心它会限制它如何促进平台,消息人士告诉路透。
的字母公司单位已经被罚款2.75亿美元在两个印度反垄断决策自上周以来——一个收费应用内的政策委员会,另一个用于滥用其Android操作系统市场的地位。
裁决之际,谷歌面临着增加全世界的反垄断审查。上个月,它遭受了重大挫折时欧洲法院维持2018年裁决说这主要是确认决定,公司实施“非法限制安卓移动设备制造商”。谷歌plans to appeal the decision, where it faces a record $4.1 billion fine.
印度的竞争委员会(CCIAndroid的裁决,尽管涉及一个较小的1.62亿美元的罚款,担心谷歌,因为它寻求更广泛的补救措施等,三个意识到公司的想法的消息人士表示。
一名消息人士说,谷歌是担心CCI的决定可能会增加其他司法辖区的监管压力和反垄断的法律上诉阻止实现指令被计划在几周内。
谷歌拒绝评论其法律计划,上周重申其声明,CCI秩序是“印度消费者和企业的重大挫折,严重的安全风险……提高移动设备的成本,印度人。”
谷歌的首席法律顾问的阿布马努Singhvi参数之前CCI,周三在推特上,“内在和专利的软弱”的顺序不可避免的挑战,可能成功。
谷歌已在全球遭到批评,它许可其Android操作系统的智能手机玩家但迹象限制竞争的协议。美国公司认为,Android提供了更多的选择对每个人来说,这样的协议使免费的操作系统。
在欧盟委员会(European Commission)的情况下,例如,在2018年反垄断机构裁定谷歌滥用其主导地位,迫使制造商预装应用程序——谷歌搜索及其中的两个铬浏览器——谷歌一起存储在Android设备上玩。
印度订单,其中的一位消息人士表示,有关进一步和强加限制更广泛的Google apps——“授权的商店…不得与预先安装的要求“谷歌搜索服务,Chrome浏览器,YouTube,谷歌地图,Gmail或任何其他谷歌应用程序”,CCI指出。
印度研究公司创始人费萨尔Kawoosa Techarc,说这样的预装的限制可能会迫使谷歌认为不同的收入模式,如充电设备制造商的许可使用费为Android在印度,在欧洲一样。
“CCI方向打击谷歌的营收模式的核心为Android——依赖于体积游戏,更大的用户基础,多种途径赚钱,“Kawoosa说。
在欧洲,75%的5.5亿上运行Android操作系统的智能手机,相比之下,97%的6亿台设备在印度,对比研究估计。
谷歌也担心CCI下令不强加任何限制在印度所谓的“侧面加载”,不使用应用程序商店下载应用程序,并允许其他应用商店可以在游戏商店,两位消息人士说。
然而,这些都将提升国内竞争对手的前景,如印度软件商店,提供成千上万的应用英语和当地语言。订单”将产生更多的选择和创新对于印度开发人员,”印度本周表示。
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