第一。印度迄今为止的经济改革中受益不均。这种差异既不接受也不持续。因此,印度的发展模式应该专注于为人民创造财富在经济金字塔的底部。国家变得繁荣时扩大他们的市场,稳步提升价值链,在内地。我们最大的优势在于印度幅员辽阔的国内市场,仍很大程度上尚未开发的。我们的经济将开始见证奇迹般的增长当我们创建一个拥有十亿人口的中产阶级收入的增加。就人口而言,这将增加所有的美国和欧洲联合印度市场的当前大小。当很多人能够实现他们的渴望更好的生活,他们将启动消费和生产的良性循环。这将导致一个指数上升的年轻企业家,包括女性企业家。 Investors and businesses from around the world will want to participate in this humongous India Opportunity.
By Mukesh D. Ambani <\/strong> India and the world changed dramatically at the beginning of the 1990s. Communist Soviet Union collapsed. The Cold War ended. And India embarked on a bold new path of economic reforms. Thirty years later, the global order is changing fundamentally yet again. The speed, scale and substance of this change are unprecedented, even unpredictable. Yet, one thing is absolutely predictable: India\u2019s time has come.
<\/figure> Destiny and Drive are making the 21st century\u2019s favourite nation ready for a great leap forward. India stands at the doorstep of prosperity that is both significant and inclusive, and of delivering all-round human development through the democratic route. With faith in our potential, confidence in our collective capabilities, and unity in action, we can exceed the world\u2019s expectations.
My source of optimism is our recent past. In 1991, India showed foresight and courage in changing both the direction and determinants of its economy. The government placed the private sector also at the commanding heights of the national economy, which the public sector had occupied for the previous four decades. It ended the license-quota raj, liberalised trade and industrial policies, and freed up capital markets and the financial sector. These reforms liberated India\u2019s entrepreneurial energy and inaugurated an era of fastpaced growth.
<\/div><\/div>The results are for all to see. India\u2019s GDP of $266 billion in 1991 has grown by over 10 times. Our economy has become the fifth largest in the world. Poverty rates have halved despite population rising from 880 million to 1.38 billion. Key infrastructure has improved beyond recognition. Our expressways, airports and ports are now world-class, and so are many of our industries and services. No young Indian today would believe that people had to wait for years to get a telephone or a gas connection, or that businesses had to seek government\u2019s permission to buy a computer.
India transformed from an economy of scarcity in 1991 into an economy of sufficiency in 2021. Now, India has to transform into an economy of sustainable abundance and equitable prosperity by 2051. In India, equity will be at the heart of our collective prosperity.
With our accomplishments over the past three decades, we have earned the right to dream big. What can be a greater dream than to be able to celebrate the centenary of our Independence in 2047 by making India one of the world\u2019s three wealthiest nations, on par with America and China? Is it too tall an ambition to pursue? No. My visionary father Dhirubhai Ambani, who was one of the earliest advocates of economic liberalisation in the 1980s, used to tell me \u2014 \u201cTo think small is unbecoming of an Indian.\u201d
<\/div><\/div>How can we realise this ambition? By following our own unique Indian and atmanirbhar model of wealth creation, while cooperating with, and learning all the right lessons from, the rest of the world. Let me present five broad ideas.
First. So far economic reforms have benefited Indians unevenly. The disparity is neither acceptable nor sustainable. Therefore, the Indian model of development should focus on creating wealth for the people at the bottom of the economic pyramid. Nations become prosperous when they expand their markets and ascend steadily on the value chain, inclusively. Our greatest advantage lies in India\u2019s continent-sized domestic market, which is still largely untapped. Our economy will begin to witness miraculous growth when we create a middle class of one billion people with rising incomes. In demographic terms, this will amount to adding all of US and Europe combined to the current size of the Indian market. When so many people are enabled to fulfil their aspirations for a better life, they will set in motion a virtuous cycle of consumption and production. This will cause an exponential rise in young entrepreneurs, including women entrepreneurs. Investors and businesses from around the world will want to participate in this humongous India Opportunity.
To achieve this might have seemed impossible in the past. Not so now.
Hence, my second idea. This is the age of technological disruption and acceleration. The world will witness more changes over the next 30 years than seen in the previous 300 years. After losing out in the first two Industrial Revolutions, and catching up on the third, India now has an opportunity to lead the Fourth Industrial Revolution. By speedily deploying its technologies, our entrepreneurs can achieve quantum increases in productivity and efficiency. This will transform not only our large industries and services, but also agriculture, MSMEs, construction, renewable energy, arts and crafts, etc. These are precisely the areas with the highest potential to create large-scale employment, which is India\u2019s most pressing need. These technologies can help us achieve quality, affordability and equity in education, healthcare and housing at scale \u2014 a dire necessity since our population is expected to rise to 1.64 billion by 2050. They also have the power to reverse degradation of the environment and make it safe for all. In short, technology-led development is the surest way to create a better India and a more equal India for every Indian.
Third. To turn these exciting possibilities into realities, India should become a nation of innovators. Traditionally, India has been highly innovative in low-tech activities. Now we have to replicate this prowess using hi-tech tools so that they become facilitators of faster growth. Innovation will help our entrepreneurs provide high-quality, yet extremely affordable, services and solutions to meet India\u2019s needs. The same can also be offered to export markets, where they will fetch higher value. Wealth will thus migrate from developed countries to India. Of course, a critical requirement to achieve this goal is rapid re-skilling of our workforce and reforms in our education system to make our children and youth futureready. Specifically, we must expeditiously build world-class universities and research centres and also upgrade existing institutions to serve India\u2019s 21st century needs.
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