Platforms such as Telegram and Signal, which have gained users in India recently, are also expected to come under pressure to comply with the new rules. WhatsApp and Signal have end-to-end encryption for all messages while Telegram offers it on certain features.
The government isn’t insisting on scrapping encryption on these messaging platforms, information technology minister Ravi Shankar Prasad<\/a> said.
\"When we’re talking about the first originator, we’re not asking them to disclose the content. Simple question — who began this mischief? It will be only in relation to issues where the punishment is for more than five years, such as security, sovereignty of India, rape etc.\" He added that proper \"safeguards\" have been put in place to avoid misuse of the law.
Under the rules, no intermediary will be required to disclose the contents of a message or information related to the originator and other users. If the message started overseas, the first person to have shared the content in India will be considered the \"first originator\". The rules also stipulate that no order will be passed in cases where other less intrusive means are effective in identifying the originator of the information. WhatsApp, Signal and Telegram didn’t respond to queries.
![\"\"](\"\/\/www.iser-br.com\/Themes\/Release\/images\/responsive\/ettelecom-default.jpg\")
Enabling traceability<\/a> will have an impact on privacy, said Internet Freedom Foundation (IFF) executive director Apar Gupta.
\"This opens it up to cyber security threats and undermines privacy,\" he said. \"I expect a high level of public controversy from people who value their high levels of privacy. Many new requirements in the new rules undermine their privacy and free expression
Experts said the rules are possibly the strictest among democratic countries. Messaging apps will have to tweak their tech infrastructure and operating models to enable traceability and accommodate India's mandate of voluntary verification. Such a mandate is the first anywhere in the world, they said.
Some welcomed the new rules. \"The rules are probably one of the strictest rules in the world. They seem to have been inspired by the German Network Enforcement Act. They separate social media companies from other intermediaries, and that's a good development,\" said Nikhil Narendran, partner, Trilegal\"The rules make it clear that tracing originators should not decipher messages. Identifying the originator may need some KYC (know your customer) by social media companies.\"
While the rules are well intended, certain aspects may actually undermine national security, said Kazim Rizvi, founder of tech policy think tank The Dialogue.
\"Tracing the originator of content would not be possible without breaking end-to-end encryption, and we believe that this mandate must be reconsidered,\" he said. \"Breaking end-to-end encryption might impact the privacy, safety and security of citizens and the national security of the state.\"
Earlier, the government had asked WhatsApp to digitally fingerprint every message sent on its platform without breaking encryption. It also wanted the company to identify where a message originated and how many people had read and forwarded it without reading the text.
WhatsApp has opposed the demand for traceability and insisted that it will not compromise on end-to-end encryption, citing user privacy. WhatsApp has more than 400 million users in India, making the country its largest market.
The government has, however, argued that lack of control over fake news and misinformation through platforms such as WhatsApp were leading to people dying as mobs inflamed by such messages were lynching people in the country. Misinformation has also given rise to challenges amid the Covid-19 pandemic and the farmers’ agitation among others.
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消息传递应用程序
WhatsApp,电报和信号最大可能稀释他们的隐私命题为数百万用户在印度-端到端加密。政府规定,他们需要跟踪标记消息的发起者,导致犯罪严重的性质,如相关国家的安全和主权,和强奸。批评人士说,新规则将破坏隐私和言论自由。
平台如电报和信号,获得了用户最近在印度,也将面临压力遵守新的规则。WhatsApp和信号的端到端加密所有消息虽然电报提供了某些功能。
政府没有坚持取消加密这些消息传递平台、信息技术部长Ravi Shankar普拉萨德说。
“当我们谈论的第一个发起者,我们不要求他们披露的内容。简单的问题——这个恶作剧开始谁?它将只与问题的惩罚是5年多来,如安全性、印度的主权,强奸等。”He added that proper "safeguards" have been put in place to avoid misuse of the law.
根据规则,没有中介将被要求披露消息的内容或信息相关发起人和其他用户。如果海外消息开始,第一个人共享的内容在印度被视为“第一发起人”。规则还规定,没有秩序的情况下会通过其他低侵入性的手段是有效识别信息的发起者。WhatsApp,信号和电报没有对此事作出回应。
启用可追溯性会影响隐私表示,互联网自由基金会(IFF)执行董事古普塔Apar。
“这打开了网络安全威胁和破坏隐私,”他说。“我预计高水平的公共争议的人珍视他们的高水平的隐私。许多新要求新规则破坏他们的隐私和言论自由
专家表示,规则可能是民主国家中最严厉的。消息传递应用程序将不得不调整他们的技术基础设施和运营模式,使可跟踪性和适应印度的自愿授权验证。这样一个任务是第一个在世界任何地方,他们说。
一些新规定表示欢迎。“规则可能是一个世界上最严格的规则。他们似乎受到德国网络执法行动。他们从其他中介机构,独立的社交媒体公司,这是一个很好的发展,“说Nikhil Narendran伙伴,Trilegal”规则说清楚,跟踪发起者不应该解密消息。确定发起人可能需要一些什么(了解你的客户)社交媒体公司。”
而规则的目的,某些方面可能会破坏国家安全,Kazim Rizvi说,科技政策智库的创始人对话。
“跟踪发起人的内容不可能在不破坏的端到端加密,我们相信这个要求必须重新考虑,”他说。“断端到端加密可能影响隐私,安全和保障的公民和国家的国家安全。”
早些时候,政府要求WhatsApp数字指纹的每条消息发送在其平台上而不破坏加密。也希望公司确定消息是从何处,有多少人读过,转发不阅读的文本。
WhatsApp反对需求的可跟踪性和坚持不妥协的端到端加密,用户隐私。在印度WhatsApp拥有超过4亿用户,使国家最大的市场。
然而,政府认为,缺乏控制假新闻和错误信息通过平台如WhatsApp导致人死亡的暴徒私刑人受这些消息。乐动扑克错误信息也引起挑战在Covid-19流行和农民的风潮。
平台如电报和信号,获得了用户最近在印度,也将面临压力遵守新的规则。WhatsApp和信号的端到端加密所有消息虽然电报提供了某些功能。
政府没有坚持取消加密这些消息传递平台、信息技术部长Ravi Shankar普拉萨德说。
“当我们谈论的第一个发起者,我们不要求他们披露的内容。简单的问题——这个恶作剧开始谁?它将只与问题的惩罚是5年多来,如安全性、印度的主权,强奸等。”He added that proper "safeguards" have been put in place to avoid misuse of the law.
根据规则,没有中介将被要求披露消息的内容或信息相关发起人和其他用户。如果海外消息开始,第一个人共享的内容在印度被视为“第一发起人”。规则还规定,没有秩序的情况下会通过其他低侵入性的手段是有效识别信息的发起者。WhatsApp,信号和电报没有对此事作出回应。
启用可追溯性会影响隐私表示,互联网自由基金会(IFF)执行董事古普塔Apar。
“这打开了网络安全威胁和破坏隐私,”他说。“我预计高水平的公共争议的人珍视他们的高水平的隐私。许多新要求新规则破坏他们的隐私和言论自由
专家表示,规则可能是民主国家中最严厉的。消息传递应用程序将不得不调整他们的技术基础设施和运营模式,使可跟踪性和适应印度的自愿授权验证。这样一个任务是第一个在世界任何地方,他们说。
一些新规定表示欢迎。“规则可能是一个世界上最严格的规则。他们似乎受到德国网络执法行动。他们从其他中介机构,独立的社交媒体公司,这是一个很好的发展,“说Nikhil Narendran伙伴,Trilegal”规则说清楚,跟踪发起者不应该解密消息。确定发起人可能需要一些什么(了解你的客户)社交媒体公司。”
而规则的目的,某些方面可能会破坏国家安全,Kazim Rizvi说,科技政策智库的创始人对话。
“跟踪发起人的内容不可能在不破坏的端到端加密,我们相信这个要求必须重新考虑,”他说。“断端到端加密可能影响隐私,安全和保障的公民和国家的国家安全。”
早些时候,政府要求WhatsApp数字指纹的每条消息发送在其平台上而不破坏加密。也希望公司确定消息是从何处,有多少人读过,转发不阅读的文本。
WhatsApp反对需求的可跟踪性和坚持不妥协的端到端加密,用户隐私。在印度WhatsApp拥有超过4亿用户,使国家最大的市场。
然而,政府认为,缺乏控制假新闻和错误信息通过平台如WhatsApp导致人死亡的暴徒私刑人受这些消息。乐动扑克错误信息也引起挑战在Covid-19流行和农民的风潮。
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