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In a filing to the Supreme Court, NSO said it should be recognized as a foreign government agent and therefore be entitled to immunity under U.S. law limiting lawsuits against foreign countries. The request appeals a pair of earlier federal court rulings that rejected similar arguments by the Israeli company.
WhatsApp<\/a> parent Facebook<\/a>, now called Meta Platforms Inc.<\/a>, sued NSO in 2019 for allegedly targeting some 1,400 users of its encrypted messaging service with highly sophisticated spyware. It is trying to block NSO from Facebook<\/a> platforms and servers and seeks unspecified damages.
Granting sovereign immunity to NSO would greatly hinder WhatsApp's case. It also could provide protection from a potentially risky discovery process that could reveal its customers and technological secrets. NSO is seeking to have the entire case dismissed.
In its petition, NSO said that lower courts have given mixed opinions on sovereign immunity over the years and that it was crucial for the Supreme Court to rule on an issue that has great national security implications for governments around the world.
\"Many nations, including the United States, rely on private contractors to conduct or support core governmental activities,\" it wrote in the April 6 filing. \"If such contractors can never seek immunity ... then the United States and other countries may soon find their military and intelligence operations disrupted by lawsuits against their agents.\"
NSO's flagship product, Pegasus<\/a>, allows operators to covertly infiltrate a target's mobile phone, gaining access to messages and contacts, the camera and microphone and location history. It says that it sells the product only to government law enforcement agencies to catch criminals and terrorists and that all sales are approved by Israel's Defense Ministry. It does not identify its clients.
But critics say a number of clients, including Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan and Poland, have abused the system to snoop on critics and stifle dissent. WhatsApp says at least 100 of the users connected to its lawsuit were journalists, rights activists and civil society members.
NSO says it has no control over how its clients use the product and no access to the data they collect, though it claims it has safeguards in place to prevent abuses. Critics say the safeguards are insufficient.
\"NSO's spyware invades the rights of citizens, journalists, and human rights activists around the globe and their attacks must be stopped,\" WhatsApp said in a statement.
\"Two United States courts have already rejected NSO's contrived bid for immunity and we believe there is no reason for the Supreme Court to hear their last-ditch attempt to avoid accountability,\" it said, adding that multiple human rights groups and tech companies have said granting immunity to spyware companies \"would be dangerous for the world.\"
The WhatsApp case is among a series of legal battles plaguing NSO. Apple last year filed a lawsuit that it says aims to prevent NSO from breaking into products. It claimed Pegasus<\/a> had affected a small number of iPhone users worldwide, calling NSO's employees \"amoral 21st century mercenaries.\"
NSO last year also was blacklisted by the U.S. Commerce Department, limiting its access to U.S. technology. U.S. officials said the company's products were complicit in \"transnational repression.\"
NSO appears to face a formidable challenge. For starters, the Supreme Court agrees to consider just 1% or so of the requests put before it.
It could be months before the court decides whether to review the case. But even if it does, NSO would have to convince the court that it is a state agent and entitled to immunity.
Eugene Kontorovich, an Israeli-American professor at the George Mason University Scalia Law School and director of its Center for the Middle East and International<\/a> Law, said it was a \"very interesting\" and \"very serious\" case. But he said he was skeptical NSO would prevail.
\"They're a software company. They create a product that's been licensed to foreign governments and which governments can use,\" he said. \"An agent usually is something of a much higher standard.\"
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太阳变成了美国最高法院在WhatsApp诉讼豁免权
在提交到最高法院,NSO表示,它应该被视为一个外国政府代理,因此有权根据美国法律限制外国诉讼的豁免权。请求上诉两个联邦法院裁决早些时候拒绝了由以色列公司类似的争论。
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在提交到最高法院,NSO表示,它应该被视为一个外国政府代理,因此有权根据美国法律限制外国诉讼的豁免权。请求上诉两个联邦法院裁决早些时候拒绝了由以色列公司类似的争论。
WhatsApp父脸谱网现在被称为元平台公司。在2019年起诉NSO涉嫌针对约1400用户加密的消息传递服务的高度复杂的间谍软件。它试图阻止太阳脸谱网平台和服务器和寻求损害赔偿。
给予NSO将极大地阻碍WhatsApp的主权豁免情况。它还可以提供防止潜在风险的发现过程,揭示其客户和技术秘密。太阳正寻求让整个案件不予受理。
下级法院请愿,NSO说给混合意见主权豁免多年来,关键是最高法院裁决的问题很有对世界各国政府国家安全的影响。
“许多国家,包括美国,依靠私人承包商进行或支持核心政府活动,“它在4月6日文件中写道。“如果这样的承包商不能寻求免疫力…那么美国和其他国家可能很快就会发现他们的军事和情报业务受到起诉他们的代理人”。
太阳亮度的旗舰产品,珀加索斯,允许运营商秘密潜入目标的移动电话,获得信息和联系人,摄像头和麦克风和位置的历史。它说它只卖产品政府执法机构抓住犯罪分子和恐怖分子,所有销售以色列国防部批准。它不确定其客户。
但批评者认为大量的客户,包括沙特阿拉伯、阿联酋、约旦和波兰,滥用系统窥探批评家和压制不同意见。WhatsApp说,至少有100的用户连接到它的诉讼是记者、人权活动人士和公民社会的成员。
NSO说它没有控制其客户使用产品,没有访问所收集的数据,尽管它声称它有安全措施以防止滥用。批评人士说,保障不足。
美国国家太阳天文台间谍入侵”公民的权利,记者,和世界各地的人权活动人士和他们的袭击必须停止,“WhatsApp在一份声明中说。
“两个美国法院已经驳回了NSO做作的竞购免疫力,我们相信没有理由最高法院听取他们的最后尝试避免责任,”它说,添加多个人权组织和科技公司表示,授予豁免权间谍软件公司“对世界将是危险的。”
WhatsApp案例是一系列法律纠纷困扰NSO之一。苹果去年提起诉讼,旨在防止太阳进入产品。它声称珀加索斯影响了少量的iPhone用户在世界范围内,调用NSO员工“不道德的21世纪的佣兵。”
NSO去年也被美国商务部列入黑名单,限制其访问美国技术。美国官员说,该公司的产品是参与“跨国镇压。”
太阳似乎面临一个艰巨的挑战。首先,最高法院同意考虑1%左右的把之前的请求。
这可能是几个月前法院决定是否重新审查。但即使是这样,太阳将不得不说服法庭,它是一个国家代理和享有豁免权。
尤金Kontorovich是以色列-斯卡利亚乔治梅森大学法学院教授、中东和中心的主任国际法律,说这是“非常有趣”、“非常严重”的情况。但是他说他怀疑太阳会占上风。
“他们是一个软件公司。他们创建一个产品的授权给外国政府和政府可以使用,”他说。“代理通常是一种更高的标准”。
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