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The 68-32 vote for the bill demonstrates how confronting China economically is an issue that unites both parties in Congress. That's a rarity in an era of division as pressure grows on Democrats to change Senate rules to push past Republican opposition and gridlock.
The centerpiece of the bill is a $50 billion emergency allotment to the Commerce Department to stand up semiconductor development and manufacturing through research and incentive programs previously authorized by Congress. The bill's overall cost would increase spending by about $250 billion with most of the spending occurring in the first five years.
Supporters described it as the biggest investment in scientific research that the country has seen in decades. It comes as the nation's share of semiconductor manufacturing<\/a> globally has steadily eroded from 37% in 1990 to about 12% now, and as a chip shortage has exposed vulnerabilities in the U.S. supply chain.
\"The premise is simple, if we want American workers and American companies to keep leading the world, the federal government must invest in science, basic research and innovation, just as we did decades after the Second World War,\" said Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y. \"Whoever wins the race to the technologies of the future is going to be the global economic leader with profound consequences for foreign policy<\/a> and national security as well.\"
Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said the bill was incomplete because it did not incorporate more Republican-sponsored amendments. He nonetheless supported it.
\"Needless to say, final passage of this legislation cannot be the Senate's final word on our competition with China,\" he said. \"It certainly won't be mine.\"
President Joe Biden applauded the bill's passage in a statement Tuesday evening, saying: \"As other countries continue to invest in their own research and development, we cannot risk falling behind. America must maintain its position as the most innovative and productive nation on Earth.\"
Senators slogged through days of debates and amendments leading up to Tuesday's final vote. Schumer's office said 18 Republican amendments will have received votes as part of passage of the bill. It also said the Senate this year has already held as many roll call votes on amendments than it did in the last Congress, when the Senate was under Republican control.
While the bill enjoys bipartisan support, a core group of GOP<\/a> senators has reservations about its costs.
One of the bill's provisions would create a new directorate focused on artificial intelligence and quantum science with the National Science Foundation<\/a>. The bill would authorize up to $29 billion over five years for the new branch within the foundation with an additional $52 billion for its programs.
Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., said Congress should be cutting the foundation's budget, not increasing it. He called the agency \"the king of wasteful spending.\" The agency finances about a quarter of all federally supported research conducted by America's colleges and universities.
\"The bill is nothing more than a big government response that will make our country weaker, not stronger,\" Paul said.
But Sen. Maria Cantwell, D-Wash., noted that a greater federal investment in the physical sciences had been called for during the administration of President George W. Bush to ensure U.S. economic competitiveness.
\"At the time, I'm pretty sure we thought we were in a track meet where our competitor was, oh, I don't know, maybe half a lap behind us. I'm pretty sure now as the decade has moved on, we're looking over our shoulder and realizing that the competition is gaining,\" said Cantwell, the chairman of the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee.
The lead Republican on the committee also weighed in to support the bill.
\"This is an opportunity for the United States to strike a blow on behalf of answering the unfair competition that we are seeing from communist China,\" said Sen. Roger Wicker, R-Miss.
Senators have tried to strike a balance when calling attention to China's growing influence. They want to avoid fanning divisive anti-Asian rhetoric when hate crimes against Asian Americans have spiked during the coronavirus pandemic.
Other measures spell out national security concerns and target money-laundering schemes or cyberattacks by entities on behalf of the Chinese government. There are also \"buy America\" provisions for infrastructure projects in the U.S.
Senators added provisions that reflect shifting attitudes toward China's handling of the COVID-19 outbreak. One would prevent federal money for the Wuhan Institute of Virology as fresh investigations proceed into the origins of the virus and possible connections to the lab's research. The city registered some of the first coronavirus cases.
It's unclear whether the measure will find support in the Democratic-led House<\/a>, where the Science Committee is expected to soon consider that chamber's version. Rep. Ro Khanna, D-Calif., who has been working with Schumer for two years on legislation that's included in the bill, called it the biggest investment in science and technology since the Apollo<\/a> spaceflight program a half century ago.
\"I'm quite certain we will get a really good product on the president's desk,\" Schumer said.
Biden said he looked forward to working with the House on the legislation, \"and I look forward to signing it into law as soon as possible.\"
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参议院通过法案以促进美国科技行业,应对竞争对手
周二参议院以压倒性的优势通过了一项法案,旨在促进美国半导体生产和人工智能等技术的发展,面对日益增长的国际竞争,尤其是来自中国。
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68 - 32投比尔演示了如何面对中国经济是一个问题,联合国会两党。这是一个罕见的时代划分为压力生长在民主党参议院规则改变过去的共和党的反对和僵局。
该法案的核心是一项500亿美元的紧急拨款商务部站起来半导体开发和制造通过研究之前由国会授权和激励项目。该法案的总成本将增加约2500亿美元的开支,大多数支出发生在第一个五年。
支持者将其描述为科学研究最大的投资国家数十年来的任何时候。它是全国的份额半导体制造全球稳步侵蚀从1990年的37%到现在的12%,作为一个芯片短缺暴露了美国供应链中的漏洞。
“前提是简单的,如果我们想让美国工人和美国公司继续领先世界,联邦政府必须投资于科学,基础研究和创新,就像我们数十年第二次世界大战之后,”参议院多数党领袖查克•舒默说。“无论谁赢得了竞赛的技术将是未来全球经济对外国领导人与深远的影响政策和国家安全。”
参议院少数党领袖米奇•麦康奈尔肯塔基共和党。说,该法案是不完整的,因为它没有包含更多的建议修改。他仍然支持它。
“不用说,最终通过这项法案不能参议院最后在我们与中国的竞争,”他说。“这肯定不会是我的。”
总统拜登赞扬法案的通过在周二晚间的一份声明中,他说:“随着其他国家继续投资于自己的研究和发展,我们不能落后的风险。美国必须保持其作为地球上最具创新性和有生产力的国家地位。”
参议员遭遇天的辩论和修改之前周二的最终投票。舒默办公室表示18共和党修正案将收到投票通过法案的一部分。它还表示,参议院今年已经举行了很多点名表决修正案比过去国会,参议院共和党控制的时候。
虽然该法案获得了两党支持,核心群共和党参议员也持保留意见,成本。
法案的一个条款将创建一个新的董事会关注科学与人工智能和量子国家科学基金会。该法案将授权290亿美元在五年内新分支在基金会的一个额外的520亿美元的项目。
参议员兰德·保罗,肯塔基共和党。说,国会应该削减基金会的预算,而不是增加。他称该机构“浪费性支出之王。”The agency finances about a quarter of all federally supported research conducted by America's colleges and universities.
“法案只不过是大政府的回应,这将使我们的国家更弱,不强,”保罗说。
但民主党参议员Maria Cantwell D-Wash。指出,联邦投资更大的物理科学一直呼吁在乔治•布什(George w . Bush)总统的政府,以确保美国经济的竞争力。
“当时,我敢肯定我们以为我们在田径运动会,我们的竞争对手是,哦,我不知道,也许我们身后半圈。现在我很确定已经十年,我们看到在我们的肩膀,意识到竞争获得,”主席Cantwell说,参议院商务、科学和运输委员会。
领导委员会的共和党也在支持该法案。
“这是一个美国的机会来代表回答我们看到从共产主义中国的不公平竞争,”参议员说罗杰·柳条R-Miss。
参议员试图平衡当调用关注中国日益增长的影响力。他们希望避免煽动分裂的亚裔言论当仇恨犯罪对亚裔美国人冠状病毒大流行期间飙升。
其他措施阐明国家安全方面的担忧和目标洗钱计划或网络攻击的实体代表中国政府。也有“购买美货”的条款为基础设施项目在美国
参议员补充条款,以反映变化中国COVID-19疫情的处理态度。人会阻止联邦资金为武汉病毒学研究所的新的调查进行病毒的来源和可能的连接实验室的研究。第一批注册的城市冠状病毒病例。
目前尚不清楚这项措施是否会发现支持民主党领导房子,科学委员会预计将很快就认为室的版本。众议员Ro Khanna在加州。,他一直在与舒默两年立法法案中,称之为以来最大的投资在科学和技术阿波罗航天计划半个世纪前。
“我很确定我们会得到一个很好的产品总统的办公桌上,”舒默说。
拜登表示,他期待着与立法上的房子,“我期待尽快签署成法律。”
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