![\"<p>Tech](\"\/\/www.iser-br.com\/Themes\/Release\/images\/responsive\/ettelecom-default.jpg\")
In the coming weeks, Apple and Google<\/a> will unveil their latest generation of smartphones, jockeying to distinguish the new devices<\/a> from previous models. But one of the most significant changes will go largely unnoticed by consumers: Some of these phones will not be made in China<\/a>.
A very small portion of Apple’s latest iPhones<\/a> will be made in India, and part of Google’s newest Pixel<\/a> phone production will be done in Vietnam, people familiar with their plans said.
The shift is a response to growing concerns about the geopolitical tensions and pandemic-induced supply chain disruptions that have involved China in the last few years. China has long been the world’s factory floor for high-tech electronics, unrivaled in its ability to secure legions of high-skilled workers and the production capacity to handle demand for the next hot device.
But U.S. companies are seeing more risk there — a perspective forged during the Trump-era trade war, with its tit-for-tat tariffs, and cemented by China’s saber-rattling after Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan last month. They fear that basing a supply chain largely in China may thrust them into the middle of its escalating conflict with the United States over Taiwan.
China is still, by far, the most dominant consumer electronics manufacturer. But it’s not just smartphone production that is moving out the country. Apple is producing iPads in northern Vietnam. Microsoft<\/a> has shipped Xbox game consoles this year from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Amazon has been making Fire TV devices in Chennai, India. Several years ago, all of these products were made in China.
On Wednesday, China announced that factory activity contracted for a second straight month in August, according to the country’s closely watched survey of purchasing managers.
“The empire of manufacturing in China is being shaken,” said Lior Susan, founder of Eclipse Venture Capital, which invests in hardware and manufacturing startups. “More and more capital is going to pull manufacturing out of China and find an alternative.”
The fracturing supply chain is rippling across Asia, causing a spike in industrial land prices in Vietnam, a revival of manufacturing in Malaysia and a surge in demand for low-wage workers in India. For China, it is siphoning away manufacturing activity when the country is reeling from its slowest economic growth in decades.
“Everyone is thinking about moving, even if they’re not acting yet,” said Anna-Katrina Shedletsky, founder of Instrumental, a Bay Area company that remotely monitors assembly lines for electronics companies.
When the first outbreak of COVID-19<\/a> shut down factories in China in early 2020, the closures roiled sales plans for many companies, including Apple, which had to cut its quarterly sales forecast because it couldn’t make iPhones.
Vietnam, which Apple had already earmarked for AirPods production in 2020, became a much-discussed option, one of the people said. Since then, Apple has started producing its watch in the country and moved some iPad manufacturing there. In Apple’s most recent list of its top 200 suppliers, 20 use factories in Vietnam. By comparison, 155 of the companies operate factories in China.
Apple plans to assemble and package a small fraction of this year’s iPhone 14, the company’s flagship device, in India for the first time. While most of the initial and most critical production for that device is happening in China, Apple will move some of its overall iPhone production to India later — mainly as a way to assess the ability for future manufacturing there, two people familiar with the plans said.
Even as Apple pushed ahead with plans, the company was careful not to antagonize China’s ruling Communist Party since the vast majority of its products are still made there. As China carried out military drills around Taiwan during Pelosi’s visit, Apple reminded its Taiwanese suppliers to label components destined for China as made in “Chinese Taipei” or “Taiwan, China,” according to a report in Japan’s Nikkei newspaper.
Apple, Microsoft and Amazon declined to comment.
So far, the biggest beneficiary of wariness over China has been Vietnam.
In Bac Giang and Bac Ninh provinces in northeastern Vietnam, Foxconn and other contract manufacturers operate massive factories in scenic countryside that was once rice fields and farmland, surrounded by temples, banyan trees and ponds. Now workers from around the country descend to these facilities in search of jobs.
A billboard outside a Foxconn factory in Bac Ninh advertised that the company is looking to hire 5,000 workers “urgently” with an offer of roughly $300 in monthly pay for an entry-level position. It is less than half the monthly pay — 4,500 yuan, or about $650 — that Foxconn is offering new hires at its assembly lines in Shenzhen in southeastern China.
The pay disparity underscores another reason that companies are looking for new manufacturing options. Over the past decade, manufacturing workers in China have tripled their annual income to more than $9,300, according to the country’s Bureau of Statistics.
Foxconn declined to comment for this article.
Tariffs also added to manufacturing costs in China. In 2019, former President Donald Trump levied a 15% tariff on tech products such as smart speakers, smartwatches and wireless headphones.
As the tariff battle intensified, Google looked at alternatives to China. This year, Google plans to move manufacturing from Foxconn facilities in southern China to Vietnam, where it will begin assembling its latest model, the Pixel 7, two people with knowledge of the plans said.
The company expects Vietnam to provide as much as half of next year’s high-end Pixel phones, the people said.
But Google’s planning for next year’s phones demonstrates how hard it will be for companies to move from China completely. Google is exploring a foldable phone for 2023, but making a device like that, using newer screen and hinge technology, would probably require production to be close to key suppliers in China, these people said.
Google declined to comment.
Over two decades, the tech industry has established an expansive collection of suppliers that make the cords, buttons and machines critical to assembling smartphones and computers. The concentration of suppliers reduces shipment costs and makes it easier to fix faulty parts.
“We have a long way to go to have the whole supply chain diversified outside of China,” said Mehdi Hosseini, a financial analyst at Susquehanna International Group who focuses on the tech supply chain.
So for alternatives to China, proximity matters. Interest from Foxconn and others has caused industrial real estate prices in Vietnam to spike by nearly one-third since 2019 to $105 per square meter (about $9.75 per square foot), while the cost of warehouses has risen 20%, according to Cushman & Wakefield, a global commercial real estate firm.
Five years ago, said Trang Bui, Cushman’s general manager for Vietnam, she showed industrial land to clients once every other month. Now she travels daily with clients from the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, Europe and China to see real estate for factories.
“If you come to Vietnam, all you see is energy,” Bui said. “For an outsider who hasn’t visited the country, they might be a little shocked.”
<\/body>","next_sibling":[{"msid":93947783,"title":"Malaysia hopes to complete sale of stakes in 5G agency this month: Report","entity_type":"ARTICLE","link":"\/news\/malaysia-hopes-to-complete-sale-of-stakes-in-5g-agency-this-month-report\/93947783","category_name":null,"category_name_seo":"telecomnews"}],"related_content":[],"msid":93949492,"entity_type":"ARTICLE","title":"Tech companies slowly shift production away from China","synopsis":"The shift is a response to growing concerns about the geopolitical tensions and pandemic-induced supply chain disruptions that have involved China in the last few years.","titleseo":"telecomnews\/tech-companies-slowly-shift-production-away-from-china","status":"ACTIVE","authors":[],"analytics":{"comments":0,"views":514,"shares":0,"engagementtimems":1825000},"Alttitle":{"minfo":""},"artag":"New York Times","artdate":"2022-09-02 16:04:34","lastupd":"2022-09-02 17:18:35","breadcrumbTags":["tech companies","Foxconn","google","pixel","iphones","china","microsoft","COVID-19","devices","Tech companies in china"],"secinfo":{"seolocation":"telecomnews\/tech-companies-slowly-shift-production-away-from-china"}}" data-authors="[" "]" data-category-name="" data-category_id="" data-date="2022-09-02" data-index="article_1">
读到
在未来的几周内,苹果和谷歌将推出的最新一代智能手机,争夺区分新的吗设备从之前的模型。但一个最重要的变化会很大程度上由消费者注意:这些手机将不会生产的中国。
苹果最新的一个很小的部分iphone将在印度,和谷歌的最新的一部分吗像素手机生产将在越南,熟悉他们的计划。
这种转变是应对日益增长的地缘政治紧张局势的担忧和pandemic-induced供应链中断,涉及中国在过去的几年里。中国长期以来一直是世界的高科技电子产品,工厂的能力无与伦比的安全大批高技能工人和生产能力来处理下一个热门设备需求。
但美国企业更大的风险——一个角度伪造Trump-era贸易战争期间,与其针锋相对的关税,并巩固了中国的武力威胁后议长佩洛西(Nancy Pelosi)上月访问台湾。他们担心基于供应链主要在中国可能把他们推到其对台湾与美国不断升级的冲突。
到目前为止,中国仍然是最主要的消费电子产品制造商。但是不只是智能手机生产的国家。苹果生产ipad在越南北部。微软今年已经运送Xbox游戏机从胡志明市,越南。亚马逊一直在火电视设备在钦奈,印度。几年前,所有这些产品都是中国制造的。
周三,中国宣布,8月份制造业活动连续第二个月萎缩,据该国受到密切关注的采购经理人调查。
“制造业在中国的帝国被动摇,“说Lior苏珊,Eclipse的创始人风险资本投资于硬件和制造公司。“越来越多的资本将会把制造业从中国和找到另一个。”
压裂供应链席卷亚洲,导致工业用地价格的飙升在越南,制造业的复兴在马来西亚和印度对低薪工人的需求激增。对中国来说,这是夺走了制造业活动当一个国家受到几十年来最慢的经济增长。
“每个人都想移动,即使他们没有行动,“说Anna-Katrina Shedletsky,工具性的创始人海湾地区公司远程监控电子企业的装配线。
当第一个爆发COVID-19在2020年初在中国工厂关闭,关闭搅乱了许多公司的销售计划,包括苹果,不得不削减其季度销售预测,因为它不能让iphone。
越南,苹果已经在2020年用于AirPods生产,成为讨论的选项,一位知情人士说。自那时以来,苹果公司已经开始生产手表的国家和一些iPad生产。在苹果的最新列表的前200名供应商,20使用工厂在越南。相比之下,155年公司运营的工厂在中国。
苹果计划今年组装和包装的一小部分的iPhone 14日,该公司旗舰设备,首次在印度。虽然大多数的初始和最关键的生产设备是发生在中国,苹果将它的一些总体iPhone生产到印度后,主要是作为一种评估未来制造业的能力,熟悉该计划的两人说。
即使苹果推进计划,公司注意不要对抗中国执政党共产党以来绝大多数的产品仍然存在。随着中国台湾进行军事演习佩洛西访华期间,苹果提醒台湾供应商标签组件运往中国制造的“中国台北”或“台湾,中国,”据日本日经报纸。乐动扑克
苹果、微软和亚马逊拒绝置评。
到目前为止,最大的受益人在越南,中国一直小心翼翼。
Bac江和越南北宁省东北部,富士康和其他合约制造商经营大规模的工厂在风景优美的乡村,曾经的稻田和农田,周围寺庙,榕树树木和池塘。现在全国各地的工人下降到这些设施的工作。
一个广告牌在北宁富士康工厂外广告公司正在雇用5000名工人“紧急”提供的约300美元每月支付的初级职务。这是月工资的一半——4500元,约合650美元,富士康为新员工提供的生产线在深圳在中国东南部。
工资差距突显出的另一个原因,公司正在寻找新的制造选项。在过去的十年中,中国制造业工人的三倍年收入超过9300美元,据国家统计局。
富士康拒绝对本文置评。
在中国关税还增加了制造成本。2019年,前总统唐纳德·特朗普等科技产品征收15%的关税智能音箱,smartwatches和无线耳机。
随着关税斗争的加剧,谷歌看着中国的替代品。今年,谷歌计划将生产从富士康设施在中国南部越南,它将开始组装其最新的模型中,像素7,两个计划的知情人士说。
公司预计明年越南提供一半的高端手机像素。
但是谷歌的计划明年的手机演示了如何努力将公司从中国完全。谷歌正在探索一个可折叠的电话为2023,但做一个像这样的设备,使用新的屏幕和铰链技术,可能会需要接近生产关键供应商在中国,这些人说。
谷歌拒绝置评。
过去二十年中,科技行业已经建立了一个广阔的供应商的集合,使声带,按钮和机器智能手机和电脑组装的关键。供应商的浓度降低了运输成本,使它更容易修复有缺陷的部分。
“我们还有很长的路要去中国以外的整个供应链多样化,”迈赫迪Hosseini说,海纳国际集团金融分析师关注科技供应链。
所以对于替代中国,距离很重要。富士康的兴趣和其他人造成越南工业房地产价格自2019年以来上涨了近三分之一至105美元每平方米(约每平方英尺9.75美元),而仓库的成本已上涨20%,高纬物业表示,全球商业地产公司。
五年前,说Trang Bui, Cushman为越南的总经理,她显示给客户的工业用地每隔一个月一次。现在她旅行日常与客户来自美国、台湾、韩国、日本、欧洲和中国房地产的工厂。
“如果你来越南,所有你看到的是能量,“Bui说。”一个局外人来说没有访问这个国家,他们可能有点震惊。”
评论
现在评论 阅读评论(1)所有评论
找到这个评论进攻?
下面选择你的理由并单击submit按钮。这将提醒我们的版主采取行动