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NEW YORK: Finding and fixing methane leaks has been identified by scientists as one of the most effective ways to turn the tide of global warming. To help uncover those leaks, Canadian company GHGSat<\/a> has launched six satellites to search for methane plumes.
Those satellites have made troubling discoveries, including record-high methane emissions from the oil and gas industry and growing emissions from coal mines around the world. To aid in the fight against climate change<\/a>, GHGSat plans to launch six more methane-hunting satellites by year's end.
And soon it will launch a satellite targeting another threat - carbon dioxide. Stephane Germain, president of GHGSat, spoke with The Associated Press about why he believes that armed with information about where the leaks are coming from, companies and nations can take steps to slow global warming. The interview has been edited for length and clarity.
What are the main challenges that that the world faces in reducing emissions?
<\/strong>
I like to joke that the rocket science and the artificial intelligence is the easy part. The hard part is the human. It's about the culture change and the action that we need to bring to bear in every different jurisdiction, in every different environment. The way to bring about action in India might be very different than a way to bring about action in the United States. And that may be very different than how to do it in Latin America. So we need to, first and foremost, make the measurements available so that people are aware of what's really going on in their jurisdictions and in their own operations. But then we need to progressively accelerate our efforts at driving to action with that data. It's one project at a time, one initiative at a time. Our goal is to make the data available to everybody so that ultimately more and more of those actions can be taken and more and more mitigations happen.
U.S. oil and gas emissions are at record high levels. What can be done?
<\/strong>
Methane emissions absolutely are higher than they have been in the last couple of years. And that's not just in the U.S., that's worldwide. We see it pretty much in every sector. We see it in oil and gas, coal mining and landfills. In oil and gas in particular, I'm very pleased to see that there's increased efforts on all fronts for reducing emissions. We haven't seen the results we want to get, that's for sure.
There are operator initiatives, there's a U.N. initiative. The Biden administration has proposed new rules that will tighten emissions standards and also, we think, very importantly, make it easier for new technologies to be used to be able to monitor and mitigate those emissions. We need to keep at it. There's just a lot more work to be done, as is obvious from the trends.
What percentage of methane leaks that your company found have been fixed?
<\/strong>
Right now it's pretty small. It's currently in the single percentage range, and that's clearly something we need to improve on. Now just to put that in context, the single percentage is worldwide, so that includes everything from oil and gas operators in the U.S. through coal mining in China. We have a huge opportunity to raise awareness with all of these operators and all these sources so that they know what their real emissions are and where some of these sources are. In many cases the technologies exist to repair or mitigate emissions from those sources so they're really easy to address quickly.
Can you give an example of your company finding a leak and the operator fixing it?
<\/strong>
This was in the Middle East where they were interested in monitoring a wide region to find leaks that they weren't aware of and then look for opportunities to mitigate them. We did that for about a year and found several emissions. Some of them were fixed by the operators immediately.
With another we brought a consultant in to provide training and best practices to that operator so they realized how they could reduce their emissions. And that wound up being one of the greatest emissions reductions we've had to date.
Why do you name the satellites after children?
<\/strong>
We name the satellites after our kids because it reminds us of why we do what we do everyday. Ultimately, we're going to be leaving our planet to future generations, and that includes our very own kids as a team at GHGSat. And it's really heartwarming for us to know that what we do every day is going to be helpful, not just to the current world, but to the future world.
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问答:卫星公司对抗气候变化
很快它将发射一颗卫星针对另一个威胁——二氧化碳。Stephane日尔曼GHGSat总统与美联社关于为什么他相信带着信息泄漏来自哪里,公司和国家可以采取措施来减缓全球变暖。以下是经过编辑的采访内容长度和清晰。
纽约:发现和修复甲烷泄漏科学家最近发现了一个最有效的方式把全球变暖的趋势。帮助发现这些泄漏,加拿大公司GHGSat推出了六颗卫星搜索甲烷羽流。
这些卫星取得了令人不安的发现,包括处于创纪录高位的甲烷排放量的石油和天然气工业和世界各地煤矿排放增长。来帮助对抗气候变化,GHGSat计划六个methane-hunting卫星到今年年底。
很快它将发射一颗卫星针对另一个威胁——二氧化碳。Stephane日尔曼GHGSat总统与美联社关于为什么他相信带着信息泄漏来自哪里,公司和国家可以采取措施来减缓全球变暖。以下是经过编辑的采访内容长度和清晰。
世界所面临的主要挑战是什么在减排吗?
我喜欢开玩笑说,火箭科学和人工智能是比较容易的部分。难的是人类。它是关于文化的改变和行动,我们需要施加在每一个不同的管辖权,在每一个不同的环境。带来行动的方式在印度可能会非常不同的方式带来行动在美国。这可能非常不同于拉丁美洲的怎么做。所以我们需要,首先,使可用的测量,这样人们知道自己辖区内到底发生了什么,在自己的操作。但是我们需要逐步加速我们的努力与数据开车去行动。这是一个项目,一个倡议。我们的目标是让每个人都可以使用的数据,以便最终越来越多的这些行动可以采取应对越来越多的发生。
美国石油和天然气排放在创纪录的高水平。可以做些什么?
甲烷排放绝对高于他们已经在过去的几年里。这不仅仅是在美国,这是世界范围内。我们看到它几乎在每一个部门。我们在石油和天然气,煤炭开采和垃圾填埋场。尤其是在石油和天然气,我非常高兴地看到,有增加了减排的努力在所有方面。我们还没有看到我们想要的结果,这是肯定的。
有运营商项目,联合国倡议。拜登管理提出了新的规则,将收紧排放标准,我们认为,非常重要的是,方便使用新技术能够监测和减少这些排放。我们需要坚持下去。有很多工作要做,是明显的趋势。
多少百分比的甲烷泄漏你的公司发现已固定吗?
现在它是很小的。目前在单一比例范围,这无疑是我们需要改进的东西。现在就把它放在上下文,单一比例在世界范围内,这包括从石油和天然气通过煤矿在中国运营商在美国。我们有一个巨大的机会与这些运营商提高认识和所有这些来源,以便他们知道他们真正的排放和这些来源在哪里。在许多情况下存在的技术来修复或减轻排放这些来源所以他们真的容易迅速解决。
你能给你的公司的一个例子发现泄漏和运营商修复它吗?
这是在中东,他们感兴趣的监测广泛地区发现泄漏,他们没有意识到,然后寻找机会来缓解。我们做了大约一年,发现几个排放。他们中的一些人立即被运营商固定。
与另一个我们带来了一个顾问提供训练和最佳实践,运营商所以他们意识到他们可以减少排放量。这伤口是一个伟大的减排我们不得不日期。
为什么你的名字后的卫星孩子吗?
我们的名字后的卫星孩子因为它提醒我们每天为什么我们做我们所做的。最终,我们要让我们的星球未来几代人,包括我们自己的孩子在GHGSat作为一个团队。真的暖人心房的让我们知道,我们所做的每一天将是有益的,不仅对当前的世界,但是对于未来的世界。
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