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Ukraine has called loudly for a widespread boycott and Kyiv has even pushed for Russia to be cut off from the world wide web.
International sanctions have seen companies including big tech firms<\/a> halt operations in Russia, and EU bans on Russian state media outlets have prompted the Kremlin to ban platforms including Facebook and Instagram.
Critics say all of this could well marginalise opponents of the Kremlin, boost the dominance of state media and even lead Russia to try to develop a sealed-off, local version of the internet.
\"It's just severing the few remaining ties to the free flow of information and ideas,\" says Peter Micek of Access Now, an NGO that campaigns for digital rights<\/a>.
A Kremlin crackdown on journalists has already drastically reduced independent sources of information, forcing many media outlets to close or scale back their operations.
Most international social networks are now available only through virtual private networks (VPNs), with figures for VPN downloads suggesting plenty of Russians are following this path.
But with web access being squeezed from the inside and the outside, many experts are now calling for the West to take a different approach.
'Hearts and minds'<\/strong>
\"Sanctions should be focused and precise,\" some 40 researchers, activists and politicians wrote in an open letter last week.
\"They should minimise the chance of unintended consequences or collateral damage. Disproportionate or over-broad sanctions risk fundamentally alienating populations.\"
The letter called for military and propaganda outlets to be targeted.
Other experts point out that punishing Russia by closing off the internet is both technically and politically tricky.
Ukraine called global regulator ICANN<\/a> to do just this on February 28, but the request was rejected.
\"If you try to stop traffic from getting in through the window, it just comes through the cellar instead,\" explains Ronan David of Efficient IP, a firm specialised in securing computer networks.
For Micek, it is simply \"counterproductive to the effort to win hearts and minds and spread democratic messages\".
\"Because the only counter-narrative, the only other narrative is coming from the Kremlin,\" he says.
Natalia Krapiva, a lawyer with Access Now, highlights that people exposed to those narratives may well conclude that \"Russia is trying to help Ukrainians and is protecting itself\".
In this context, Western sanctions may seem \"completely unfair\", she says.
Fears of 'splinternet<\/a>'<\/strong>
The big fear is that the war and the deepening freeze in relations between Russia and the West will lead the Kremlin to develop its own internet.
China has already built a vast system of control around its internet, dubbed the \"Great Firewall\", which in effect cuts it off from the rest of the world.
Recent developments in Russia have led some commentators to speculate that the world faces the creation of a \"splinternet\", anathema to those who campaign for equal access across the globe.
\"The Russians are quite capable of building a national internet,\" says Pierre Bonis of Afnic, the association that manages the .fr domain.
But he says it would be a pale imitation of the global internet<\/a>.
\"We must not break the universality of the internet, even if the Russians do unacceptable things,\" he says.
But China is not the only country to have invested heavily to build a closed internet.
Micek points out that Iran has spent a decade building its own controlled, censored version of the web.
\"We feel that US sanctions are sort of encouraging Iran to build this functioning national internet by depriving Iranian businesses of basic Google<\/a>, Amazon<\/a> and other platforms and resources,\" he says.
And he can see a similar process at play with Russia.
\"The people in Russia and Belarus have so little access to information that depriving them of internet services<\/a> will send them further into Putin's fist,\" he says.
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乌克兰大声呼吁广泛的抵制和基辅甚至推动俄罗斯从万维网被切断。
国际制裁等公司大型科技公司停止操作,在俄罗斯和欧盟禁止俄罗斯国家媒体促使克里姆林宫平台包括Facebook和Instagram的禁令。
批评人士说,所有这些可能边缘化反对克里姆林宫,提高媒体的主导地位,甚至导致俄罗斯试图开发一个封闭起来,互联网的本地版本。
“这只是切断硕果仅存的几个关系信息的自由流动和想法,”Peter Micek说现在的访问,一个非政府组织的活动数字版权。
克里姆林宫镇压记者已经大幅减少独立的信息来源,许多媒体不得不关闭或缩减他们的操作。
大多数国际社交网络现在只能通过虚拟私有网络(VPN),而VPN下载的数据显示很多俄罗斯人走这条路。
但随着web access被从内部和外部,许多专家现在正在呼吁西方国家采取了不同的方式。
“人心”
“制裁应该集中和精确,”约40研究者,活动家和政治家们上周在一封公开信中写道。
“他们应该最小化意想不到的后果或附带损害的机会。不成比例的或过于广泛制裁风险从根本上疏远人群。”
这封信呼吁将军事和宣传媒体的目标。
其他专家指出,惩罚俄罗斯通过关闭互联网是在技术上和政治上棘手。
乌克兰“全球监管机构互联网名称与数字地址分配机构就在2月28日,但请求被拒绝了。
“如果你试图阻止交通进入透过窗户,它只是来自地下室相反,”解释了罗南大卫的高效的IP,公司专门保护计算机网络。
Micek,它只是“适得其反的努力赢得人心和传播民主的消息”。
”,因为只有反叙手法,唯一的其他叙事是来自克里姆林宫,”他说。
现在律师纳塔莉亚Krapiva访问,强调人们暴露于这些故事很可能得出这样的结论:“俄罗斯正试图帮助乌克兰和保护自己”。
在这种背景下,西方制裁似乎“完全不公平的”,她说。
恐惧的splinternet”
最大的担忧是,战争和深化冻结在俄罗斯和西方国家之间的关系将导致克里姆林宫开发自己的网络。
中国已经建立了一个庞大系统的控制网络,被称为“防火长城”,这实际上削减它从世界的其他地方。
在俄罗斯最近的事态发展使一些评论家推测,世界面临着建立一个“splinternet”,诅咒那些竞选全球平等。
“俄罗斯人很有能力建立一个国家互联网,“Afnic皮埃尔·博尼斯说,该协会管理。fr域。
但是他说这将是一个苍白的模仿全球互联网。
“我们不能打破互联网的普遍性,即使俄罗斯做不可接受的事情,”他说。
但是中国并不是唯一的国家投入巨资建立一个封闭的网络。
Micek指出,伊朗已经花了十年时间建造自己的控制,审查版本的网页。
“我们认为美国的制裁正在鼓励伊朗建造这个国家剥夺伊朗企业网络的基本功能谷歌,亚马逊和其他平台和资源,”他说。
他可以看到类似的过程与俄罗斯在起作用。
“俄罗斯和白俄罗斯的人如此之少,剥夺了他们的访问信息互联网服务将进一步向普京的拳头,”他说。
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