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The Biden administration on Friday published a sweeping set of export controls, including a measure to cut China off from certain semiconductor chips made anywhere in the world with U.S. tools, vastly expanding its reach in its bid to slow Beijing's technological and military advances.
The rules, some of which go into effect immediately, build on restrictions sent in letters earlier this year to top toolmakers KLA Corp, Lam Research Corp and Applied Materials Inc, effectively requiring them to halt shipments of equipment to wholly Chinese-owned factories producing advanced logic chips.
The raft of measures could amount to the biggest shift in U.S. policy toward shipping technology to China since the 1990s. If effective, they could set China's chip manufacturing industry back years by forcing American and foreign companies that use U.S. technology to cut off support for some of China's leading factories and chip designers.
In a briefing with reporters on Thursday previewing the rules, senior government officials said many of the rules sought to prevent foreign firms from selling advanced chips to China or supplying Chinese firms with tools to make their own advanced chips. They conceded, however, that they have not yet secured any promises that allied nations will implement similar measures and that discussions with those nations are ongoing.
\"We recognize that the unilateral controls we're putting into place will lose effectiveness over time if other countries don't join us,\" one official said. \"And we risk harming U.S. technology leadership if foreign competitors are not subject to similar controls.\"
The expansion of U.S. powers to control exports to China of chips made with U.S. tools is based on a broadening of the so-called \"foreign direct product rule.\" It was previously expanded to give the U.S. government authority to control exports of chips made overseas to Chinese telecoms giant Huawei Technologies Co Ltd<\/a> and later to stop the flow of semiconductors to Russia after its invasion of Ukraine.
Earlier on Friday, the United States added China's top memory chip maker YMTC and 30 other Chinese entities to a list of companies that U.S. officials cannot inspect, ratcheting up tensions with Beijing and taking aim at a firm that has long troubled the Biden administration.
The \"unverified list\" is a potential stepping stone to tougher economic blacklists, but companies that comply with U.S. inspection rules can come off the list. On Friday, U.S. officials removed nine such firms, including China's Wuxi Biologics, which makes ingredients for AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine.
The new regulations will also severely restrict export of U.S. equipment to Chinese memory chip makers and formalize letters sent to Nvidia Corp<\/a> and Advanced Micro Devices<\/a> Inc (AMD<\/a>) restricting shipments to China of chips used in supercomputing systems that nations around the world rely on to develop nuclear weapons and other military technologies.
Reuters was first to report key details of the new restrictions on memory chip makers, including a reprieve for foreign companies operating in China and the moves to broaden restrictions on shipments to China of technologies from KLA, Lam, Applied Materials, Nvidia<\/a> and AMD<\/a>.
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美国旨在阻碍中国芯片产业全面新出口规则
规则,其中一些立即生效,建立在限制在今年早些时候的信件发送到顶级工匠解放军的集团,林研究公司和应用材料公司,有效地要求他们停止运送全资所有的工厂生产先进设备的逻辑芯片。
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拜登政府周五发布的一套全面的出口管制,包括削减措施,中国从某些半导体芯片在世界任何地方与美国的工具,极大地扩大其在北京的科技和军事进展缓慢。
规则,其中一些立即生效,建立在限制在今年早些时候的信件发送到顶级工匠解放军的集团,林研究公司和应用材料公司,有效地要求他们停止运送全资所有的工厂生产先进设备的逻辑芯片。
一系列措施可能数量最大的美国对航运政策的转变技术自1990年代以来中国。如果有效,他们可能为中国芯片制造行业过去几年通过迫使美国和外国公司使用美国技术切断支持一些中国领先的工厂和芯片设计者。
在周四的新闻发布会上预览规则,规则的高级政府官员说,许多试图阻止外国公司向中国出售先进的芯片或为中国企业提供工具让自己的先进的芯片。但他们承认,他们还没有获得任何盟国的承诺将采取类似的措施,与这些国家正在进行的讨论。
“我们认识到,我们投入的单边控制地方将失去效果随着时间的推移,如果其他国家没有加入我们,”一位官员表示。“我们风险伤害美国技术领导如果不受外国竞争对手类似的控制。”
美国的扩张权力控制芯片由美国对中国的出口工具是基于扩大所谓的“外国直接乘积法则。”It was previously expanded to give the U.S. government authority to control exports of chips made overseas to Chinese telecoms giant华为技术有限公司后来后停止流动的半导体俄罗斯乌克兰的入侵。
周五早些时候,美国说中国最大的记忆体晶片制造商YMTC和30中国其他实体的公司,美国官员不能检查,逐步与北京之间的紧张关系,并针对公司长期以来在拜登政府陷入困境。
“未经证实的列表”是一个潜在的垫脚石强硬经济黑名单,但公司遵守美国检验规则可以脱离。周五,美国官员拆除9个这样的公司,包括中国无锡生物制剂,原料为阿斯利康COVID-19疫苗。
新法规还将严格限制向中国出口美国的设备内存芯片制造商和信件发送到形式化英伟达公司和高级微设备公司(AMD限制出口中国超级计算系统中使用的芯片,世界各国依靠发展核武器和其他军事技术。
路透社是第一个报告关键细节的新限制内存芯片制造商,包括缓刑在华经营的外国公司和扩大对中国的出口限制移动技术从心理契约,Lam应用材料,英伟达和AMD。
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