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美国将大量资金投入芯片行业，但即便支出飙升，也有其局限性
根据美国半导体行业协会的数据，自2020年春季以来，全美有超过35家公司承诺投资近2000亿美元用于与芯片相关的制造项目。
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被强制退休的军官是印度电信服务(ITS)干部，批次从1988年到1992年不等。
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- 自2020年春季以来，全美已有超过35家公司承诺投资近2000亿美元用于与芯片相关的制造项目。，
- 这一举措是拜登政府产业政策倡议的一个方面，拜登政府正在动用至少760亿美元的拨款、税收抵免和其他补贴，以鼓励国内芯片生产。，
- 美国总统拜登(Joe Biden)将刺激美国芯片生产作为其经济议程的重要部分，但他这么做的理由远不止经济利益。，
旧金山:9月，芯片巨头英特尔该公司在俄亥俄州哥伦布市附近的一块土地上召集了官员，并承诺在那里投资至少200亿美元，建设两家生产半导体的新工厂。
一个月后，美光科技庆祝在纽约锡拉丘兹(Syracuse)附近建立一个新的制造基地，这家芯片公司预计到2020年将在那里投资200亿美元，最终可能会是这个数字的5倍。
这些承诺是过去18个月美国芯片制造计划大幅增加的一部分，其规模被比作冷战时期的太空竞赛投资。这种繁荣对全球技术领先地位和地缘政治产生了影响，美国的目标是阻止中国成为芯片领域的先进大国，而正是这些硅片推动了创新计算的诞生设备比如智能手机和虚拟现实眼镜。
如今，芯片是现代生活的重要组成部分，甚至超出了科技行业的创造范围，从军事装备和汽车到厨房电器和玩具。
根据行业组织半导体行业协会(Semiconductor Industry Association)的数据，自2020年春季以来，全美已有超过35家公司承诺投资近2000亿美元用于与芯片相关的制造项目。这笔资金将在16个州投入，包括德克萨斯州、亚利桑那州和纽约州，用于23家新芯片工厂，9家工厂的扩建，以及为该行业提供设备和材料的公司的投资。
“我从未见过这样的海啸，”Sematech的前首席执行官丹尼尔·阿姆波斯特(Daniel Armbrust)说。Sematech是一家芯片财团，成立于1987年，由国防部和成员公司提供资金，目前已不复存在。
总统乔•拜登(Joe Biden)他将刺激美国芯片生产作为其经济议程的重要部分，但他的理由远不止经济利益。如今，世界上许多尖端芯片都是在台湾制造的，中国大陆宣称对台湾拥有领土权利。这引发了人们的担忧，即一旦发生冲突，半导体供应链可能会中断，而美国将处于技术劣势。
业内高管说，美国新的生产努力可能会纠正部分失衡，但只能在一定程度上纠正。
新的芯片工厂将需要数年时间才能建成，并且在开始运营时可能无法提供该行业最先进的制造技术。如果白宫没有给予企业足够的补贴，企业也可以推迟或取消这些项目。技术人才的严重短缺可能会削弱这种繁荣，因为复杂的工厂需要的工程师数量远远超过美国高校毕业生的数量。
美国芯片生产的巨额资金"不会尝试或成功实现自给自足，"加州理工学院副教授Chris Miller表示国际他是塔夫茨大学弗莱彻法律与外交学院历史教授，最近还写了一本关于芯片行业之战的书。
白宫官员认为，芯片制造方面的投资将大幅降低需要从国外购买的芯片比例，从而改善美国的经济安全。在台积电拜登还强调了对苹果等依赖台积电芯片制造需求的科技公司的潜在影响。他说，随着越来越多的这些公司“把更多的供应链带回国内”，“这可能会改变游戏规则”。
从20世纪50年代末开始，美国公司主导了芯片生产几十年。但随着亚洲国家提供激励措施，将制造业转移到这些地区，中国在全球产能中所占的份额逐渐从1990年的37%左右下滑至12%左右。
据行业分析师和半导体行业协会(Semiconductor industry Association)的数据，目前台湾占全球芯片产量的22%左右，最先进芯片的产量占90%以上。
新的支出将改善美国的地位。根据一份报告，500亿美元的政府投资可能会刺激企业支出，到2030年，美国在全球生产中的份额将达到14%波士顿咨询集团在2020年受半导体行业协会委托进行的一项研究。
“这确实让我们几十年来第一次参与进来，”该协会主席约翰·诺伊弗(John Neuffer)说。他补充说，这个估计可能是保守的，因为国会在一项名为《CHIPS法案》(CHIPS Act)的立法中批准了760亿美元的补贴。
不过，这一增长不太可能消除美国在最先进芯片方面对台湾的依赖。这种芯片是最强大的，因为它们在每块硅片上封装了最多数量的晶体管，而且它们经常被视为一个国家技术进步的标志。
长期以来，英特尔一直引领着缩小晶体管尺寸的竞赛，以便在芯片上容纳更多的晶体管。这种微型化的速度通常用纳米(十亿分之一米)来描述，更小的数字表明最尖端的生产技术。然后，台积电近年来迅速领先。
但在凤凰城工厂，台积电可能不会进口其最先进的制造技术。该公司最初宣布将在凤凰城工厂生产5纳米芯片，上个月又表示，到2024年还将在那里生产4纳米芯片，并将在2026年建立第二家生产3纳米芯片的工厂。会议没有讨论进一步的进展。
相比之下，台积电在台湾的工厂在2022年底开始生产3纳米技术。到2025年，台湾的工厂可能会开始为苹果供应2纳米芯片，国际商业战略公司(International Business Strategies)首席执行官汉德尔·琼斯(Handel Jones)说。
台积电和苹果均拒绝置评。
目前还不清楚其他芯片公司是否会把更先进的尖端芯片技术带到他们的新工厂。三星电子计划在美国德克萨斯州投资170亿美元建设新工厂，但没有公开生产技术。英特尔目前正在生产大约7纳米的芯片，不过该公司曾表示，其美国工厂将在2024年之前生产3纳米芯片，此后不久将生产更先进的产品。
消费热潮也将减少美国经济增长，但不会完全消除依赖在亚洲购买其他种类的芯片。电脑、智能手机和其他消费设备需要存储数据，而中国国内工厂生产的存储芯片只占全球的4%左右，美光科技计划中的投资最终可能会提高这一比例。
但在各种老式、简单的芯片上仍可能存在缺口，过去两年这些芯片供应严重短缺，以至于美国汽车制造商不得不关闭工厂，生产部分成品汽车。台积电是其中一些芯片的主要生产商，但其新投资的重点是更有利可图的先进芯片工厂。
硅谷芯片设计公司Synaptics的首席执行官迈克尔•赫尔斯顿表示:“我们对台积电的依赖仍然没有受到任何形式的影响。”Synaptics严重依赖台积电在台湾的老工厂。
美国半导体工业协会(Semiconductor Industry Association)的数据显示，芯片制造业的繁荣预计将为工厂和提供这些岗位的公司创造4万个新岗位。这将使美国半导体行业新增约27.7万名员工。
但要填补这么多技术岗位的空缺并不容易。芯片工厂通常需要操作工厂机器的技术人员，以及电气和化学工程等领域的科学家。最近对高管进行的调查显示，人才短缺是该行业面临的最严峻挑战之一。
CHIPS法案包括为劳动力发展提供资金。负责监督CHIPS法案基金拨款发放的商务部也明确表示，希望获得资金的组织应该提出培训和教育工人的计划。
为了应对这一问题，英特尔计划投资1亿美元，促进大学、社区学院和其他技术教育工作者的培训和研究。普渡大学(Purdue University)建立了一个新的半导体实验室，设定了每年培养1,000名工程师的目标，并吸引了芯片制造商天水科技(SkyWater Technology)在其印第安纳州校区附近投资18亿美元建造一座制造工厂。
然而，培训可能只能到此为止，因为芯片公司与其他急需工人的行业竞争。
“当人们有很多其他选择时，我们将不得不建立一个吸引他们的半导体经济，”当时担任普渡制药总裁的米奇·丹尼尔斯(Mitch Daniels)在9月的一次活动上说。
由于培训工作可能需要数年才能取得成果，行业高管希望让受过高等教育的外国工人更容易获得在美国工作的签证，或在获得学位后留在美国。华盛顿的官员们意识到，鼓励更多移民的言论可能会招致政治攻击。
但商务部长吉娜•雷蒙多(Gina Raimondo) 11月在麻省理工学院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)的一次演讲中直言不讳。
她说，吸引世界上最优秀的科学人才是“美国将失去的优势”。“我们不会让这种情况发生。”
Highlights <\/h4>- Across the nation, more than 35 companies have pledged nearly $200 billion for manufacturing projects related to chips since the spring of 2020., <\/span><\/li>
- The push is one facet of an industrial policy initiative by the Biden administration, which is dangling at least $76 billion in grants, tax credits and other subsidies to encourage domestic chip production., <\/span><\/li>
- President Joe Biden has staked a prominent part of his economic agenda on stimulating U.S. chip production, but his reasons go beyond the economic benefits., <\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/span><\/span><\/section>By Don Clark and Ana Swanson<\/strong>
SAN FRANCISCO: In September, chip giant Intel<\/a> gathered officials at a patch of land near Columbus, Ohio, where it pledged to invest at least $20 billion in two new factories to make semiconductors.
A month later, Micron Technology<\/a> celebrated a new manufacturing site near Syracuse, New York, where the chip company expected to spend $20 billion by the end of the decade and eventually perhaps five times that.
<\/div><\/div>And in December, Taiwan<\/a> Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. hosted a shindig in Phoenix, where it plans to triple its investment to $40 billion and build a second new factory to create advanced chips.
The pledges are part of an enormous ramp-up in U.S. chipmaking plans over the past 18 months, the scale of which has been likened to Cold War-era investments in the Space Race. The boom has implications for global technological leadership and geopolitics, with the United States aiming to prevent China from becoming an advanced power in chips, the slices of silicon that have driven the creation of innovative computing devices<\/a> like smartphones and virtual-reality goggles.
Today, chips are an essential part of modern life even beyond the tech industry\u2019s creations, from military gear and cars to kitchen appliances and toys.
Across the nation, more than 35 companies have pledged nearly $200 billion for manufacturing projects related to chips since the spring of 2020, according to the Semiconductor Industry Association, a trade group. The money is set to be spent in 16 states, including Texas, Arizona and New York on 23 new chip factories, the expansion of nine plants, and investments from companies supplying equipment and materials to the industry.
<\/div><\/div>The push is one facet of an industrial policy initiative by the Biden administration, which is dangling at least $76 billion in grants, tax credits and other subsidies to encourage domestic chip production. Along with providing sweeping funding for infrastructure and clean energy, the efforts constitute the largest U.S. investment in manufacturing arguably since World War II, when the federal government unleashed spending on new ships, pipelines and factories to make aluminum and rubber.
\u201cI\u2019ve never seen a tsunami like this,\u201d said Daniel Armbrust, former CEO of Sematech, a now-defunct chip consortium formed in 1987 with the Defense Department and funding from member companies.
President Joe Biden<\/a> has staked a prominent part of his economic agenda on stimulating U.S. chip production, but his reasons go beyond the economic benefits. Much of the world\u2019s cutting-edge chips today are made in Taiwan, the island to which China claims territorial rights. That has caused fears that semiconductor supply chains may be disrupted in the event of a conflict \u2014 and that the United States will be at a technological disadvantage.
The new U.S. production efforts may correct some of these imbalances, industry executives said \u2014 but only up to a point.
The new chip factories would take years to build and might not be able to offer the industry\u2019s most advanced manufacturing technology when they begin operations. Companies could also delay or cancel the projects if they aren\u2019t awarded sufficient subsidies by the White House. And a severe shortage in skills may undercut the boom, as the complex factories need many more engineers than the number of students who are graduating from U.S. colleges and universities.
The bonanza of money on U.S. chip production is \u201cnot going to try or succeed in accomplishing self-sufficiency,\u201d said Chris Miller, an associate professor of international<\/a> history at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, and the author of a recent book on the chip industry\u2019s battles.
White House officials have argued that the chipmaking investments will sharply reduce the proportion of chips needed to be purchased from abroad, improving U.S. economic security. At the TSMC<\/a> event in December, Biden also highlighted the potential impact on tech companies like Apple that rely on TSMC for their chipmaking needs. He said that \u201cit could be a game changer\u201d as more of these companies \u201cbring more of their supply chain home.\u201d
U.S. companies led chip production for decades starting in the late 1950s. But the country\u2019s share of global production capacity gradually slid to around 12% from about 37% in 1990, as countries in Asia provided incentives to move manufacturing to those shores.
Today, Taiwan accounts for about 22% of total chip production and more than 90% of the most advanced chips made, according to industry analysts and the Semiconductor Industry Association.
The new spending is set to improve America\u2019s position. A $50 billion government investment is likely to prompt corporate spending that would take the U.S. share of global production to as much as 14% by 2030, according to a Boston<\/a> Consulting Group study in 2020 that was commissioned by the Semiconductor Industry Association.
\u201cIt really does put us in the game for the first time in decades,\u201d said John Neuffer, the association\u2019s president, who added that the estimate may be conservative because Congress approved $76 billion in subsidies in a piece of legislation known as the CHIPS Act.
Still, the ramp-up is unlikely to eliminate U.S. dependence on Taiwan for the most advanced chips. Such chips are the most powerful because they pack the highest number of transistors onto each slice of silicon, and they are often held up as a sign of a nation\u2019s technological progress.
Intel long led the race to shrink the size of transistors so more could fit on a chip. That pace of miniaturisation is usually described in nanometers, or billionths of a meter, with smaller numbers indicating the most cutting-edge production technology. Then, TSMC surged ahead in recent years.
But at its Phoenix site, TSMC may not import its most advanced manufacturing technology. The company initially announced that it would produce 5-nanometer chips at the Phoenix factory, before saying last month that it would also make 4-nanometer chips there by 2024 and build a second factory, which will open in 2026, for 3-nanometer chips. It stopped short of discussing further advances.
In contrast, TSMC\u2019s factories in Taiwan at the end of 2022 began producing 3-nanometer technology. By 2025, factories in Taiwan will probably start supplying Apple with 2-nanometer chips, said Handel Jones, CEO at International Business Strategies.
TSMC and Apple declined to comment.
Whether other chip companies will bring more advanced technology for cutting-edge chips to their new sites is unclear. Samsung Electronics plans to invest $17 billion in a new factory in Texas but has not disclosed its production technology. Intel is manufacturing chips at roughly 7 nanometers, although it has said its U.S. factories will turn out 3-nanometer chips by 2024 and even more advanced products soon after that.
The spending boom is also set to reduce, though not erase, U.S. reliance<\/a> on Asia for other kinds of chips. Domestic factories produce only about 4% of the world\u2019s memory chips \u2014 which are needed to store data in computers, smartphones and other consumer devices \u2014 and Micron\u2019s planned investments could eventually raise that percentage.
But there are still likely to be gaps in a catchall variety of older, simpler chips, which were in such short supply over the past two years that U.S. automakers had to shut down factories and produce partly finished vehicles. TSMC is a major producer of some of these chips, but it is focusing its new investments on more profitable plants for advanced chips.
\u201cWe still have a dependency that is not being impacted in any way, shape or form,\u201d said Michael Hurlston, CEO of Synaptics, a Silicon Valley chip designer that relies heavily on TSMC\u2019s older factories in Taiwan.
The chipmaking boom is expected to create a jobs bonanza of 40,000 new roles in factories and companies that supply them, according to the Semiconductor Industry Association. That would add to about 277,000 U.S. semiconductor industry employees.
But it won\u2019t be easy to fill so many skilled positions. Chip factories typically need technicians to run factory machines and scientists in fields like electrical and chemical engineering. The talent shortage is one of the industry\u2019s toughest challenges, according to recent surveys of executives.
The CHIPS Act contains funding for workforce development. The Commerce Department, which is overseeing the doling out of grant money from the CHIPS Act\u2019s funds, has also made it clear that organisations hoping to obtain funding should come up with plans for training and educating workers.
Intel, responding to the issue, plans to invest $100 million to spur training and research at universities, community colleges and other technical educators. Purdue University, which built a new semiconductor laboratory, has set a goal of graduating 1,000 engineers each year and has attracted chipmaker SkyWater Technology to build a $1.8 billion manufacturing plant near its Indiana campus.
Yet training may go only so far, as chip companies compete with other industries that are in dire need of workers.
\u201cWe\u2019re going to have to build a semiconductor economy that attracts people when they have a lot of other choices,\u201d Mitch Daniels, who was president of Purdue at the time, said at an event in September.
Since training efforts may take years to bear fruit, industry executives want to make it easier for highly educated foreign workers to obtain visas to work in the United States or stay after they get their degrees. Officials in Washington are aware that comments encouraging more immigration could invite political fire.
But Gina Raimondo, the commerce secretary, was forthright in a speech in November at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Attracting the world\u2019s best scientific minds is \u201can advantage that is America\u2019s to lose,\u201d she said. \u201cAnd we\u2019re not going to let that happen.\u201d
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The cost of an entry-level 5G smartphone came down to below Rs 10,000 in 2022 with the launch of the Lava Blaze 5G,\" according to Counterpoint Research.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/india-5g-smartphone-shipments-to-surpass-4g-shipments-in-2023","seolocationalt":"India 5G smartphone shipments to surpass 4G shipments in 2023","url_seo":"india-5g-smartphone-shipments-to-surpass-4g-shipments-in-2023"},{"msid":"96570987","stname":"Chipmaker Infineon ready to spend billions on acquisitions: CEO","artsyn":"The German chip maker is constantly \"on the lookout\" for suitable companies, Hanebeck told Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ). \"I see it in the range of up to a few billion (euros).\"","seolocation":"telecomnews\/chipmaker-infineon-ready-to-spend-billions-on-acquisitions-ceo","seolocationalt":"Chipmaker Infineon ready to spend billions on acquisitions: CEO","url_seo":"chipmaker-infineon-ready-to-spend-billions-on-acquisitions-ceo"},{"msid":"96557150","stname":"Japan's Kyocera to invest $9.8 billion for chips over FY2023-2025: Nikkei","artsyn":"To fund the expansion for parts such as ceramics for chip-making equipment, Kyocera is looking to borrow up to around 1 trillion yen, using its 15% stake in KDDI Corp as collateral, the president Hideo Tanimoto told Nikkei in an interview.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/japans-kyocera-to-invest-9-8-billion-for-chips-over-fy2023-2025-nikkei","seolocationalt":"Japan's Kyocera to invest $9.8 billion for chips over FY2023-2025: Nikkei","url_seo":"japans-kyocera-to-invest-9-8-billion-for-chips-over-fy2023-2025-nikkei"},{"msid":"96531925","stname":"Rs 10,000-12,000 crore PLI sops soon for hi-tech IT, mobile components","artsyn":"The objective of the components incentive scheme is to develop a complete ecosystem of electronics manufacturing in India, officials aware of the details of the plan told ET. The move may further help attract global majors such as Apple to deepen local production, say experts.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/rs-10000-12000-crore-pli-sops-soon-for-hi-tech-it-mobile-components","seolocationalt":"Rs 10,000-12,000 crore PLI sops soon for hi-tech IT, mobile components","url_seo":"rs-10000-12000-crore-pli-sops-soon-for-hi-tech-it-mobile-components"},{"msid":"96425087","stname":"China finds microchip acquisition difficult due to US-imposed barriers: Report","artsyn":"The US administration in October put a set of export controls on China which included measures that stop Beijing from acquiring from anywhere in the world, semiconductor chips with US equipment.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/china-finds-microchip-acquisition-difficult-due-to-us-imposed-barriers-report","seolocationalt":"China finds microchip acquisition difficult due to US-imposed barriers: Report","url_seo":"china-finds-microchip-acquisition-difficult-due-to-us-imposed-barriers-report"},{"msid":"96335375","stname":"Renesas halts work at Beijing plant due to COVID spread","artsyn":"Renesas, the world's leading maker of automobile chips, said the factory mostly produces semiconductors used in industrial machinery and home appliances and that it would make up for the lost output with existing stock.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/renesas-halts-work-at-beijing-plant-due-to-covid-spread","seolocationalt":"Renesas halts work at Beijing plant due to COVID spread","url_seo":"renesas-halts-work-at-beijing-plant-due-to-covid-spread"},{"msid":"96316308","stname":"Intel delaying German factory start, wants more subsidies, Volksstimme reports","artsyn":"The plant is central to German and European Union plans to strengthen the continent's resilience by doing more manufacturing locally after the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine highlighted the risks of long, globe-spanning supply chains.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/intel-delaying-german-factory-start-wants-more-subsidies-volksstimme-reports","seolocationalt":"Intel delaying German factory start, wants more subsidies, Volksstimme reports","url_seo":"intel-delaying-german-factory-start-wants-more-subsidies-volksstimme-reports"},{"msid":"96283552","stname":"US puts 3 dozen more Chinese companies on trade blacklist","artsyn":"The move signals a hardening of US efforts to prevent China, especially its military, from acquiring advanced technologies such as leading edge computer chips and hypersonic weapons.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/us-puts-3-dozen-more-chinese-companies-on-trade-blacklist","seolocationalt":"US puts 3 dozen more Chinese companies on trade blacklist","url_seo":"us-puts-3-dozen-more-chinese-companies-on-trade-blacklist"},{"msid":"96271745","stname":"Govt to soon launch future labs to channel R&D capital for semiconductor, deep tech development: Rajeev Chandrasekhar","artsyn":"India will soon launch future labs to channel R&D capital for semiconductor and deep tech development. These labs will embed with C-DAC and will encourage industry and academia collaborations, he said, emphasising that technology companies, start-ups and government will be partners to catalyse India as semiconductor nation and major player in electronics global value chains, he said.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/govt-to-soon-launch-future-labs-to-channel-rd-capital-for-semiconductor-deep-tech-development-rajeev-chandrasekhar","seolocationalt":"Govt to soon launch future labs to channel R&D capital for semiconductor, deep tech development: Rajeev Chandrasekhar","url_seo":"govt-to-soon-launch-future-labs-to-channel-rd-capital-for-semiconductor-deep-tech-development-rajeev-chandrasekhar"},{"msid":"96227326","stname":"Energy politics cloud Mexican bid to join U.S. semiconductor rush","artsyn":"U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo said in September a $52.7 billion U.S. bill known as the Chips Act would also create \"significant opportunities\" for Mexico in the energy and water-intensive semiconductor industry.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/energy-politics-cloud-mexican-bid-to-join-u-s-semiconductor-rush","seolocationalt":"Energy politics cloud Mexican bid to join U.S. semiconductor rush","url_seo":"energy-politics-cloud-mexican-bid-to-join-u-s-semiconductor-rush"},{"msid":"96192684","stname":"U.S. consulted Japan, Netherlands on curbs for chips to China","artsyn":"The Biden administration aims to cut China off from certain semiconductor chips made anywhere in the world with U.S. equipment, in a bid to slow Beijing's technological and military advances, issuing a series of curbs in October.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/u-s-consulted-japan-netherlands-on-curbs-for-chips-to-china","seolocationalt":"U.S. consulted Japan, Netherlands on curbs for chips to China","url_seo":"u-s-consulted-japan-netherlands-on-curbs-for-chips-to-china"},{"msid":"96192180","stname":"IBM partners with Japan's Rapidus in bid to manufacture advanced chips","artsyn":"The agreement comes as U.S.-China relations remain tense, especially over chips. Washington has restricted Beijing's access advanced semiconductor technology and asked its allies, including Japan, to do the same.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/ibm-partners-with-japans-rapidus-in-bid-to-manufacture-advanced-chips","seolocationalt":"IBM partners with Japan's Rapidus in bid to manufacture advanced chips","url_seo":"ibm-partners-with-japans-rapidus-in-bid-to-manufacture-advanced-chips"},{"msid":"96150382","stname":"Govt focused on building semiconductor ecosystem; 4 schemes introduced under Semicon India programme: Minister","artsyn":"The government has approved the Semicon India programme with a total outlay of Rs 76,000 crore for the development of semiconductor and display manufacturing ecosystem in the country.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/govt-focused-on-building-semiconductor-ecosystem-4-schemes-introduced-under-semicon-india-programme-minister","seolocationalt":"Govt focused on building semiconductor ecosystem; 4 schemes introduced under Semicon India programme: Minister","url_seo":"govt-focused-on-building-semiconductor-ecosystem-4-schemes-introduced-under-semicon-india-programme-minister"},{"msid":"96034591","stname":"Qualcomm introduces long-range platform for efficient outdoor 5G","artsyn":"Qualcomm said that the 'Compact Macro 5G RAN Platform' is designed to deliver up to 50 per cent base station equipment cost reduction, compared to traditional mmWave macro solutions, enabling customers to design compact macro products ready to accelerate mobility and Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) deployments.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/qualcomm-introduces-long-range-platform-for-efficient-outdoor-5g","seolocationalt":"Qualcomm introduces long-range platform for efficient outdoor 5G","url_seo":"qualcomm-introduces-long-range-platform-for-efficient-outdoor-5g"},{"msid":"95964986","stname":"SRAM & MRAM to invest Rs 2 lakh crore in Odisha, set up semiconductor unit","artsyn":"Meanwhile, the Odisha government received large investment commitments and signed multiple MoUs in Electronics and IT at the MIO Conclave. 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赞助的故事
SAN FRANCISCO: In September, chip giant Intel<\/a> gathered officials at a patch of land near Columbus, Ohio, where it pledged to invest at least $20 billion in two new factories to make semiconductors.
A month later, Micron Technology<\/a> celebrated a new manufacturing site near Syracuse, New York, where the chip company expected to spend $20 billion by the end of the decade and eventually perhaps five times that.
<\/div><\/div>And in December, Taiwan<\/a> Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. hosted a shindig in Phoenix, where it plans to triple its investment to $40 billion and build a second new factory to create advanced chips.
The pledges are part of an enormous ramp-up in U.S. chipmaking plans over the past 18 months, the scale of which has been likened to Cold War-era investments in the Space Race. The boom has implications for global technological leadership and geopolitics, with the United States aiming to prevent China from becoming an advanced power in chips, the slices of silicon that have driven the creation of innovative computing devices<\/a> like smartphones and virtual-reality goggles.
Today, chips are an essential part of modern life even beyond the tech industry\u2019s creations, from military gear and cars to kitchen appliances and toys.
Across the nation, more than 35 companies have pledged nearly $200 billion for manufacturing projects related to chips since the spring of 2020, according to the Semiconductor Industry Association, a trade group. The money is set to be spent in 16 states, including Texas, Arizona and New York on 23 new chip factories, the expansion of nine plants, and investments from companies supplying equipment and materials to the industry.
The pledges are part of an enormous ramp-up in U.S. chipmaking plans over the past 18 months, the scale of which has been likened to Cold War-era investments in the Space Race. The boom has implications for global technological leadership and geopolitics, with the United States aiming to prevent China from becoming an advanced power in chips, the slices of silicon that have driven the creation of innovative computing devices<\/a> like smartphones and virtual-reality goggles.
Today, chips are an essential part of modern life even beyond the tech industry\u2019s creations, from military gear and cars to kitchen appliances and toys.
Across the nation, more than 35 companies have pledged nearly $200 billion for manufacturing projects related to chips since the spring of 2020, according to the Semiconductor Industry Association, a trade group. The money is set to be spent in 16 states, including Texas, Arizona and New York on 23 new chip factories, the expansion of nine plants, and investments from companies supplying equipment and materials to the industry.
<\/div><\/div>The push is one facet of an industrial policy initiative by the Biden administration, which is dangling at least $76 billion in grants, tax credits and other subsidies to encourage domestic chip production. Along with providing sweeping funding for infrastructure and clean energy, the efforts constitute the largest U.S. investment in manufacturing arguably since World War II, when the federal government unleashed spending on new ships, pipelines and factories to make aluminum and rubber.
\u201cI\u2019ve never seen a tsunami like this,\u201d said Daniel Armbrust, former CEO of Sematech, a now-defunct chip consortium formed in 1987 with the Defense Department and funding from member companies.
President Joe Biden<\/a> has staked a prominent part of his economic agenda on stimulating U.S. chip production, but his reasons go beyond the economic benefits. Much of the world\u2019s cutting-edge chips today are made in Taiwan, the island to which China claims territorial rights. That has caused fears that semiconductor supply chains may be disrupted in the event of a conflict \u2014 and that the United States will be at a technological disadvantage.
The new U.S. production efforts may correct some of these imbalances, industry executives said \u2014 but only up to a point.
The new chip factories would take years to build and might not be able to offer the industry\u2019s most advanced manufacturing technology when they begin operations. Companies could also delay or cancel the projects if they aren\u2019t awarded sufficient subsidies by the White House. And a severe shortage in skills may undercut the boom, as the complex factories need many more engineers than the number of students who are graduating from U.S. colleges and universities.
The bonanza of money on U.S. chip production is \u201cnot going to try or succeed in accomplishing self-sufficiency,\u201d said Chris Miller, an associate professor of international<\/a> history at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, and the author of a recent book on the chip industry\u2019s battles.
White House officials have argued that the chipmaking investments will sharply reduce the proportion of chips needed to be purchased from abroad, improving U.S. economic security. At the TSMC<\/a> event in December, Biden also highlighted the potential impact on tech companies like Apple that rely on TSMC for their chipmaking needs. He said that \u201cit could be a game changer\u201d as more of these companies \u201cbring more of their supply chain home.\u201d
U.S. companies led chip production for decades starting in the late 1950s. But the country\u2019s share of global production capacity gradually slid to around 12% from about 37% in 1990, as countries in Asia provided incentives to move manufacturing to those shores.
Today, Taiwan accounts for about 22% of total chip production and more than 90% of the most advanced chips made, according to industry analysts and the Semiconductor Industry Association.
The new spending is set to improve America\u2019s position. A $50 billion government investment is likely to prompt corporate spending that would take the U.S. share of global production to as much as 14% by 2030, according to a Boston<\/a> Consulting Group study in 2020 that was commissioned by the Semiconductor Industry Association.
\u201cIt really does put us in the game for the first time in decades,\u201d said John Neuffer, the association\u2019s president, who added that the estimate may be conservative because Congress approved $76 billion in subsidies in a piece of legislation known as the CHIPS Act.
Still, the ramp-up is unlikely to eliminate U.S. dependence on Taiwan for the most advanced chips. Such chips are the most powerful because they pack the highest number of transistors onto each slice of silicon, and they are often held up as a sign of a nation\u2019s technological progress.
Intel long led the race to shrink the size of transistors so more could fit on a chip. That pace of miniaturisation is usually described in nanometers, or billionths of a meter, with smaller numbers indicating the most cutting-edge production technology. Then, TSMC surged ahead in recent years.
But at its Phoenix site, TSMC may not import its most advanced manufacturing technology. The company initially announced that it would produce 5-nanometer chips at the Phoenix factory, before saying last month that it would also make 4-nanometer chips there by 2024 and build a second factory, which will open in 2026, for 3-nanometer chips. It stopped short of discussing further advances.
In contrast, TSMC\u2019s factories in Taiwan at the end of 2022 began producing 3-nanometer technology. By 2025, factories in Taiwan will probably start supplying Apple with 2-nanometer chips, said Handel Jones, CEO at International Business Strategies.
TSMC and Apple declined to comment.
Whether other chip companies will bring more advanced technology for cutting-edge chips to their new sites is unclear. Samsung Electronics plans to invest $17 billion in a new factory in Texas but has not disclosed its production technology. Intel is manufacturing chips at roughly 7 nanometers, although it has said its U.S. factories will turn out 3-nanometer chips by 2024 and even more advanced products soon after that.
The spending boom is also set to reduce, though not erase, U.S. reliance<\/a> on Asia for other kinds of chips. Domestic factories produce only about 4% of the world\u2019s memory chips \u2014 which are needed to store data in computers, smartphones and other consumer devices \u2014 and Micron\u2019s planned investments could eventually raise that percentage.
But there are still likely to be gaps in a catchall variety of older, simpler chips, which were in such short supply over the past two years that U.S. automakers had to shut down factories and produce partly finished vehicles. TSMC is a major producer of some of these chips, but it is focusing its new investments on more profitable plants for advanced chips.
\u201cWe still have a dependency that is not being impacted in any way, shape or form,\u201d said Michael Hurlston, CEO of Synaptics, a Silicon Valley chip designer that relies heavily on TSMC\u2019s older factories in Taiwan.
The chipmaking boom is expected to create a jobs bonanza of 40,000 new roles in factories and companies that supply them, according to the Semiconductor Industry Association. That would add to about 277,000 U.S. semiconductor industry employees.
But it won\u2019t be easy to fill so many skilled positions. Chip factories typically need technicians to run factory machines and scientists in fields like electrical and chemical engineering. The talent shortage is one of the industry\u2019s toughest challenges, according to recent surveys of executives.
The CHIPS Act contains funding for workforce development. The Commerce Department, which is overseeing the doling out of grant money from the CHIPS Act\u2019s funds, has also made it clear that organisations hoping to obtain funding should come up with plans for training and educating workers.
Intel, responding to the issue, plans to invest $100 million to spur training and research at universities, community colleges and other technical educators. Purdue University, which built a new semiconductor laboratory, has set a goal of graduating 1,000 engineers each year and has attracted chipmaker SkyWater Technology to build a $1.8 billion manufacturing plant near its Indiana campus.
Yet training may go only so far, as chip companies compete with other industries that are in dire need of workers.
\u201cWe\u2019re going to have to build a semiconductor economy that attracts people when they have a lot of other choices,\u201d Mitch Daniels, who was president of Purdue at the time, said at an event in September.
Since training efforts may take years to bear fruit, industry executives want to make it easier for highly educated foreign workers to obtain visas to work in the United States or stay after they get their degrees. Officials in Washington are aware that comments encouraging more immigration could invite political fire.
But Gina Raimondo, the commerce secretary, was forthright in a speech in November at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Attracting the world\u2019s best scientific minds is \u201can advantage that is America\u2019s to lose,\u201d she said. \u201cAnd we\u2019re not going to let that happen.\u201d
<\/div><\/div>
\u201cI\u2019ve never seen a tsunami like this,\u201d said Daniel Armbrust, former CEO of Sematech, a now-defunct chip consortium formed in 1987 with the Defense Department and funding from member companies.
President Joe Biden<\/a> has staked a prominent part of his economic agenda on stimulating U.S. chip production, but his reasons go beyond the economic benefits. Much of the world\u2019s cutting-edge chips today are made in Taiwan, the island to which China claims territorial rights. That has caused fears that semiconductor supply chains may be disrupted in the event of a conflict \u2014 and that the United States will be at a technological disadvantage.
The new U.S. production efforts may correct some of these imbalances, industry executives said \u2014 but only up to a point.
The new chip factories would take years to build and might not be able to offer the industry\u2019s most advanced manufacturing technology when they begin operations. Companies could also delay or cancel the projects if they aren\u2019t awarded sufficient subsidies by the White House. And a severe shortage in skills may undercut the boom, as the complex factories need many more engineers than the number of students who are graduating from U.S. colleges and universities.
The bonanza of money on U.S. chip production is \u201cnot going to try or succeed in accomplishing self-sufficiency,\u201d said Chris Miller, an associate professor of international<\/a> history at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, and the author of a recent book on the chip industry\u2019s battles.
White House officials have argued that the chipmaking investments will sharply reduce the proportion of chips needed to be purchased from abroad, improving U.S. economic security. At the TSMC<\/a> event in December, Biden also highlighted the potential impact on tech companies like Apple that rely on TSMC for their chipmaking needs. He said that \u201cit could be a game changer\u201d as more of these companies \u201cbring more of their supply chain home.\u201d
U.S. companies led chip production for decades starting in the late 1950s. But the country\u2019s share of global production capacity gradually slid to around 12% from about 37% in 1990, as countries in Asia provided incentives to move manufacturing to those shores.
Today, Taiwan accounts for about 22% of total chip production and more than 90% of the most advanced chips made, according to industry analysts and the Semiconductor Industry Association.
The new spending is set to improve America\u2019s position. A $50 billion government investment is likely to prompt corporate spending that would take the U.S. share of global production to as much as 14% by 2030, according to a Boston<\/a> Consulting Group study in 2020 that was commissioned by the Semiconductor Industry Association.
\u201cIt really does put us in the game for the first time in decades,\u201d said John Neuffer, the association\u2019s president, who added that the estimate may be conservative because Congress approved $76 billion in subsidies in a piece of legislation known as the CHIPS Act.
Still, the ramp-up is unlikely to eliminate U.S. dependence on Taiwan for the most advanced chips. Such chips are the most powerful because they pack the highest number of transistors onto each slice of silicon, and they are often held up as a sign of a nation\u2019s technological progress.
Intel long led the race to shrink the size of transistors so more could fit on a chip. That pace of miniaturisation is usually described in nanometers, or billionths of a meter, with smaller numbers indicating the most cutting-edge production technology. Then, TSMC surged ahead in recent years.
But at its Phoenix site, TSMC may not import its most advanced manufacturing technology. The company initially announced that it would produce 5-nanometer chips at the Phoenix factory, before saying last month that it would also make 4-nanometer chips there by 2024 and build a second factory, which will open in 2026, for 3-nanometer chips. It stopped short of discussing further advances.
In contrast, TSMC\u2019s factories in Taiwan at the end of 2022 began producing 3-nanometer technology. By 2025, factories in Taiwan will probably start supplying Apple with 2-nanometer chips, said Handel Jones, CEO at International Business Strategies.
TSMC and Apple declined to comment.
Whether other chip companies will bring more advanced technology for cutting-edge chips to their new sites is unclear. Samsung Electronics plans to invest $17 billion in a new factory in Texas but has not disclosed its production technology. Intel is manufacturing chips at roughly 7 nanometers, although it has said its U.S. factories will turn out 3-nanometer chips by 2024 and even more advanced products soon after that.
The spending boom is also set to reduce, though not erase, U.S. reliance<\/a> on Asia for other kinds of chips. Domestic factories produce only about 4% of the world\u2019s memory chips \u2014 which are needed to store data in computers, smartphones and other consumer devices \u2014 and Micron\u2019s planned investments could eventually raise that percentage.
But there are still likely to be gaps in a catchall variety of older, simpler chips, which were in such short supply over the past two years that U.S. automakers had to shut down factories and produce partly finished vehicles. TSMC is a major producer of some of these chips, but it is focusing its new investments on more profitable plants for advanced chips.
\u201cWe still have a dependency that is not being impacted in any way, shape or form,\u201d said Michael Hurlston, CEO of Synaptics, a Silicon Valley chip designer that relies heavily on TSMC\u2019s older factories in Taiwan.
The chipmaking boom is expected to create a jobs bonanza of 40,000 new roles in factories and companies that supply them, according to the Semiconductor Industry Association. That would add to about 277,000 U.S. semiconductor industry employees.
But it won\u2019t be easy to fill so many skilled positions. Chip factories typically need technicians to run factory machines and scientists in fields like electrical and chemical engineering. The talent shortage is one of the industry\u2019s toughest challenges, according to recent surveys of executives.
The CHIPS Act contains funding for workforce development. The Commerce Department, which is overseeing the doling out of grant money from the CHIPS Act\u2019s funds, has also made it clear that organisations hoping to obtain funding should come up with plans for training and educating workers.
Intel, responding to the issue, plans to invest $100 million to spur training and research at universities, community colleges and other technical educators. Purdue University, which built a new semiconductor laboratory, has set a goal of graduating 1,000 engineers each year and has attracted chipmaker SkyWater Technology to build a $1.8 billion manufacturing plant near its Indiana campus.
Yet training may go only so far, as chip companies compete with other industries that are in dire need of workers.
\u201cWe\u2019re going to have to build a semiconductor economy that attracts people when they have a lot of other choices,\u201d Mitch Daniels, who was president of Purdue at the time, said at an event in September.
Since training efforts may take years to bear fruit, industry executives want to make it easier for highly educated foreign workers to obtain visas to work in the United States or stay after they get their degrees. Officials in Washington are aware that comments encouraging more immigration could invite political fire.
But Gina Raimondo, the commerce secretary, was forthright in a speech in November at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Attracting the world\u2019s best scientific minds is \u201can advantage that is America\u2019s to lose,\u201d she said. \u201cAnd we\u2019re not going to let that happen.\u201d
<\/div><\/div>
Follow and connect with us on Twitter<\/a>, Facebook<\/a>, Linkedin<\/a>, Youtube<\/a><\/div>","NumberOfSentences":{"minfo":"65.0","minfoseo":"65-0"},"AutomatedReadabilityIndex":{"minfo":"14.0","minfoseo":"14-0"},"LastPublishMilliTime":{"minfo":"1672652278605","minfoseo":"1672652278605"},"ReadabilityGradeLevel":{"minfo":"College","minfoseo":"college"},"GadgetsMarkedReviewed":{"minfo":"0","minfoseo":"0"},"HashCode":{"minfo":"561833415","minfoseo":"561833415"},"latestnewsflag":{"minfo":"1.0","minfoseo":"1-0"},"NumberOfCharacters":{"minfo":"9965.0","minfoseo":"9965-0"},"NumberOfWords":{"minfo":"1600.0","minfoseo":"1600-0"},"SHOWEXTERNALAUTHOR":{"minfo":"1.0","minfoseo":"1-0"},"key":{"0":{"keyid":"6451058","value":"semiconductor","smid":"0","keynameseo":"semiconductor","keytype":"","keycount":"totalcount","weightage":"100"},"1":{"keyid":"1143494","value":"us semiconductor","smid":"0","keynameseo":"us-semiconductor","keytype":"","keycount":"totalcount","weightage":"20"},"2":{"keyid":"171929","value":"tsmc","smid":"0","keynameseo":"tsmc","keytype":"","keycount":"totalcount","weightage":"20"},"3":{"keyid":"46274","value":"taiwan","smid":"0","keynameseo":"taiwan","keytype":"","keycount":"totalcount","weightage":"20"},"4":{"keyid":"10926","value":"reliance","smid":"0","keynameseo":"reliance","keytype":"","keycount":"totalcount","weightage":"20"},"5":{"keyid":"154806","value":"micron technology","smid":"0","keynameseo":"micron-technology","keytype":"","keycount":"totalcount","weightage":"20"},"6":{"keyid":"99719","value":"joe biden","smid":"0","keynameseo":"joe-biden","keytype":"","keycount":"totalcount","weightage":"20"},"7":{"keyid":"6356001","value":"INternational","smid":"0","keynameseo":"INternational","keytype":"","keycount":"totalcount","weightage":"20"},"8":{"keyid":"28115","value":"intel","smid":"0","keynameseo":"intel","keytype":"","keycount":"totalcount","weightage":"20"},"10":{"keyid":"997723","value":"chip factory","smid":"0","keynameseo":"chip-factory","keytype":"","keycount":"totalcount","weightage":"20"},"11":{"keyid":"13875598","value":"boston","smid":"0","keynameseo":"boston","keytype":"","keycount":"totalcount","weightage":"20"}},"similarlytagged":[{"msid":"96681281","stname":"IISc firm offers tech with uses from 5G to fast-charging EVs","artsyn":"According to researchers from IISc, GaN components are indispensable for the next generation of wireless and power electronics trends. which will shape the broader electronics market over the next 10-15 years.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/iisc-firm-offers-tech-with-uses-from-5g-to-fast-charging-evs","seolocationalt":"IISc firm offers tech with uses from 5G to fast-charging EVs","url_seo":"iisc-firm-offers-tech-with-uses-from-5g-to-fast-charging-evs"},{"msid":"96681264","stname":"U.S. pours money into chips, but even soaring spending has limits","artsyn":"Across the US, more than 35 companies have pledged nearly $200 billion for manufacturing projects related to chips since the spring of 2020, according to the Semiconductor Industry Association.","seolocation":"telecomnews\/u-s-pours-money-into-chips-but-even-soaring-spending-has-limits","seolocationalt":"U.S. pours money into chips, but even soaring spending has limits","url_seo":"u-s-pours-money-into-chips-but-even-soaring-spending-has-limits"},{"msid":"96583249","stname":"India 5G smartphone shipments to surpass 4G shipments in 2023","artsyn":"\"It is expected to reach 30 per cent in 2023. 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