When we look back, we find that Wars have been fought ever since the idea of tribes was born. It has graduated from tribal wars to States fighting and nations going to war. Arrows, lances, swords, machetes gave way to rifles and later to guns, tanks, artillery, rockets, and nuclear bombs as the weapons of war. Two devastating World Wars have been fought causing immense miseries to Human race.
In future wars<\/a>, even space will emerge as a region of conflict. The nature of conflict and shape of the global geopolitical landscape is being permanently changed with the advent and experimental advances in digital technology. Some technologies have been truly disruptive, changing the very course of war. In today’s Information Age, a countless number of military innovations are being developed that seek to take advantage of the digital revolution. However, the single innovation that will truly reshape the modern battlefield in our lifetime is one that nearly every citizen exploits for every conceivable requirement—the portable smartphone.
What have we endeavoured to usher in Cellular Technology?
<\/strong>Whilst the militaries across the world have exploited cellular technologies in some recognizable measure, the Indian Armed Forces have generally been found wanting to derive true operational dividends of this disruptive way of communicating. Indian Army<\/a> took the head start and established a 2G CDMA based Mobile Cellular Communication Network (MCCS), South of the Pir Panjal, in 2007 which was subsequently followed by another advanced 3G CDMA network in the Kashmir Valley in 2016. Both these networks have repeatedly proved to be revolutionary in every way in meeting the operational, intelligence, logistics and administrative requirements of the troops deployed in these areas. Buoyed by the astounding success of these projects, Corps of Signals took a giant leap of conceiving a cellular network all along the Northern borders but regrettably the project was foreclosed at the penultimate stage. In hindsight, continuing the project to its logical conclusion would have proved to be a big gamechanger in the recent Dokalam and Galwan incidents. The operational need for cellular technology which not only make the entities smart but also asynchronous in space continues to be felt not only for our counter terrorism operations but also all along the Northern borders for every conceivable operational, logistics and administrative requirement. Indian Air Force too likewise, went in for their cellular network AFCEL in 2013 based on 3G WCDMA to provide mobile and secure 'end-point' connectivity to the air warriors deployed across the length and breadth of our country. Indian Army<\/a> currently has an ambitious project to convert the erst while 2G CDMA network to an LTE network. The project is at an advanced stage but in our perpetual propensity for overreaching to a future technology we should not end up repeating our past mistakes since our labyrinthine procurement cycle ensures that we are always one generation behind.
Why should the military be excited about 5G<\/a>?
<\/strong>Cellular Communications until now have primarily focused on human communications, connecting people to people. But the next generation mobile network i.e., 5G<\/a> would enable a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices. This will facilitate real time exchange of information in an ever-dynamic operational environment that our Armed Forces operate in. The vision of smart entities in the Tactical Battle Area including smart frontiers which requires realization of Internet of Things (IoT), can be truly realized with 5G networks<\/a> providing the potential essential infrastructure.
How will 5G facilitate the contemporary nature of warfare?
<\/strong>Today, Militaries worldwide are pivoting their armed forces from the traditional concept of ‘Total War’ to a new Information Age era of ‘Persistent Competition’. This calls for distributed AI augmented decision-making capability with our decision makers at the cutting edge. 5G will support crunching the data generated by millions of battlefields IoT sensors instantaneously at the edge, then deliver the required information to the best ‘shooter’ and the appropriate decision maker. We will also see processing of data at the edges of the battlespace, and transmission of vast amounts of information (not data) which would complement the decision-making using AI. Needless to add that all connectivity’s between the entities and the military cloud would deliver information at hyper-speed. As we usher in the much heralded and awaited jointness in our armed forces and prepare for persistent competition, we would need to usher and exploit 5G at the earliest.
What needs to be done?
<\/strong>Trials for the 5G networks<\/a> are currently ongoing by the Telecom Service Providers (TSPs). The three Services under the Signal Officer-in-Chief need to be actively incorporated in the ongoing trials so that military specific use cases along with applications can be developed and tested. However, even if 5G is ubiquitously available all over India in the near future, its induction for the active exploitation by the Armed Forces would take anything from 5 to 8 years in keeping with the past experiences of procurement delays, decision dilemmas and financial crunch. This is too wide a gap towards meeting our operational requirements especially along Northern borders. This vital gap in the interim needs to be filled in by rolling out LTE based Networks in our forward areas so that the operational dividends of cellular technology are available to the troops deployed at the earliest. LTE technology is well established at most competitive prices and made in India solutions are freely available in the market. The Mobile Integrated Network Terminal (MINT) project of Indian Army which is based on the Network in a Box (NIB) solution of LTE needs an organisational impetus to roll out before the technology becomes obsolete. By any reckoning we should be able to fully exploit the LTE based networks to the hilt before 5G is in a state to be inducted and operationally made available to the three Forces.
To summarize briefly, future wars<\/a> would be ‘Multi Domain Operations’ by Joint Forces fighting as part of our Theatre Commands. ‘Connectivity’ therefore, would be crucial for situational awareness and COP across all the domains. A phased approach to rollout our cellular networks would be financially prudent and operationally pragmatic. To begin with, early adoption of 4G LTE solutions should be implemented in the short term (1-2 years); for mid-term (3-5 years) - a hybrid model using LTE and 5G may be considered; and for long term (5-10 years) - adoption of exclusive 5G\/6G and beyond needs to be strategized. Incorporating the Armed Forces in the ongoing trials with the TSPs would help in developing dual use technologies, solutions, and applications. These trials could be based on 5G\/5Gi but in consonance with the accepted standards in India.
(Lt General Rajeev Sabherwal, former Signal Officer-in-Chief, Indian Army)<\/em>
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中将Rajeev Sabherwal
当我们回首时,我们发现,战争一直以来部落的想法诞生了。有毕业于部落战争州和国家会战争中。箭、长矛、刀剑、弯刀让位给步枪和后来枪,坦克、火炮、火箭和核弹战争的武器。两个毁灭性的世界大战人类造成巨大的痛苦。
在未来的战争,甚至空间将成为一个地区的冲突。冲突的性质和形状的全球地缘政治格局被永久改变随着数字技术和实验的进步。一些技术已经真正颠覆性,改变了战争的课程。在当今的信息时代,无数的军事创新正在开发,寻求利用数字革命。然而,真正的单一创新重塑现代战场在有生之年是几乎每一个公民利用任何要求便携智能手机。
我们试图开启蜂窝技术?
而全世界的军队利用细胞技术在一些知名的衡量,印度武装部队通常被发现想要得到真正的操作股息的颠覆性的沟通方式。印度军队了先机,建立了一个基于2 g CDMA移动蜂窝通信网络(监控化学品),南部的Pir;在2007年,随后,产生了另一个先进的3 g在2016年克什米尔山谷的CDMA网络。这两个网络一再被证明是革命的会议操作、情报、后勤、行政的要求部队部署在这些领域。受这些项目的惊人的成功,陆战队的信号一大步了怀孕蜂窝网络的北部边境,但遗憾的是这个项目是在倒数第二阶段止赎。事后来看,持续的项目其合乎逻辑的结论会被证明是一个巨大的改变游戏规则在最近Dokalam和Galwan事件。操作需要细胞技术,不仅使实体聪明而且异步空间仍然是感觉不仅为我们的反恐行动,还沿着北部边界为每个可能的操作,物流和管理要求。印度空军也同样,进去的手机网络AFCEL 2013年基于3 g WCDMA提供移动和安全“端点”连接到空气勇士部署在我国的长度和宽度。印度军队目前有一个雄心勃勃的项目将以前在2 g LTE网络的CDMA网络。这个项目是在一个高级阶段但在我们永恒的倾向过度延伸到未来科技我们最终不应重复过去的错误因为我们复杂的采购周期可以确保我们总是背后的一代。
为什么军队应该兴奋吗5克吗?
细胞通讯直到现在主要关注人类通信,连接人的人。但下一代移动网络。5克将使一种新型的网络,目的是连接几乎所有人所有事都一起包括机器、对象和设备。这将方便实时的信息交换的ever-dynamic操作环境,我们的武装力量在运作。智能战术战斗中的实体的视觉领域包括智能领域需要实现物联网(物联网),可以真正实现5 g网络提供潜在的重要基础设施。
5 g将如何促进当代战争的性质?
今天,全世界的军队正在转动他们的武装力量从传统的“全面战争”的概念提升到了一个新的信息时代的持久竞争的时代。这需要分布式人工智能增强决策能力与我们的决策者在前沿。5 g将支持处理数以百万计的战场物联网传感器产生的数据即时边缘,然后交付所需的信息最好的“射击”和适当的决策者。我们还将看到数据处理在战场的边缘,和传输大量的信息(数据)将补充使用人工智能决策。不必要的添加,所有实体和军方之间的连通性的云将速度信息。当我们迎来了广泛宣传和等待我们的武装部队协同和准备持久的竞争,我们需要引导和利用最早5克。
需要做什么?
试验的5 g网络目前正在进行的由电信服务提供商(茶匙)。信号下的三个服务Officer-in-Chief需要积极整合正在进行的试验中,这样军事特定用例以及可以开发和测试应用程序。然而,即使5 g是普及整个印度在不久的将来,其感应积极开发的武装部队将从5到8年的过去的经验采购延迟决策困境和金融危机。这是一个差距太宽向会议我们的作战需求尤其是北部边境。这一至关重要的差距在此期间需要填写在向前推出基于LTE网络领域的操作股息蜂窝技术最早是可用的军队部署。LTE技术是建立在最有竞争力的价格和印度制造解决方案在市场上都是免费的。移动综合网络终端(薄荷)项目是基于网络的印度军队一盒(笔尖)解决方案的LTE推出之前,需要一个组织动力技术变得过时了。无论怎么看我们应该能够充分利用基于LTE网络最大限度地前5 g是在引入和操作可用三股势力。
简单总结一下,未来的战争将多领域业务的联合部队战斗的一部分我们的剧院的命令。“连接”因此,将是至关重要的态势感知和警察跨所有域。分阶段方法推广我们的蜂窝网络将财务和操作谨慎务实的。首先,早期采用4 g LTE的解决方案应该实现在短期内(1 - 2年);中期(3 - 5年)——一个混合模型使用LTE和5 g可以考虑;和长期(5 - 10年),采用独家5 g / 6 g和超出需要筹划。结合正在进行的武装部队试验用茶匙将有助于发展军民两用技术,解决方案,和应用程序。这些试验可能是基于5 g / 5 gi但在印度的自尊和公认的标准。
(Lt Rajeev Sabherwal将军前信号Officer-in-Chief,印度军队)
当我们回首时,我们发现,战争一直以来部落的想法诞生了。有毕业于部落战争州和国家会战争中。箭、长矛、刀剑、弯刀让位给步枪和后来枪,坦克、火炮、火箭和核弹战争的武器。两个毁灭性的世界大战人类造成巨大的痛苦。
在未来的战争,甚至空间将成为一个地区的冲突。冲突的性质和形状的全球地缘政治格局被永久改变随着数字技术和实验的进步。一些技术已经真正颠覆性,改变了战争的课程。在当今的信息时代,无数的军事创新正在开发,寻求利用数字革命。然而,真正的单一创新重塑现代战场在有生之年是几乎每一个公民利用任何要求便携智能手机。
我们试图开启蜂窝技术?
而全世界的军队利用细胞技术在一些知名的衡量,印度武装部队通常被发现想要得到真正的操作股息的颠覆性的沟通方式。印度军队了先机,建立了一个基于2 g CDMA移动蜂窝通信网络(监控化学品),南部的Pir;在2007年,随后,产生了另一个先进的3 g在2016年克什米尔山谷的CDMA网络。这两个网络一再被证明是革命的会议操作、情报、后勤、行政的要求部队部署在这些领域。受这些项目的惊人的成功,陆战队的信号一大步了怀孕蜂窝网络的北部边境,但遗憾的是这个项目是在倒数第二阶段止赎。事后来看,持续的项目其合乎逻辑的结论会被证明是一个巨大的改变游戏规则在最近Dokalam和Galwan事件。操作需要细胞技术,不仅使实体聪明而且异步空间仍然是感觉不仅为我们的反恐行动,还沿着北部边界为每个可能的操作,物流和管理要求。印度空军也同样,进去的手机网络AFCEL 2013年基于3 g WCDMA提供移动和安全“端点”连接到空气勇士部署在我国的长度和宽度。印度军队目前有一个雄心勃勃的项目将以前在2 g LTE网络的CDMA网络。这个项目是在一个高级阶段但在我们永恒的倾向过度延伸到未来科技我们最终不应重复过去的错误因为我们复杂的采购周期可以确保我们总是背后的一代。
为什么军队应该兴奋吗5克吗?
细胞通讯直到现在主要关注人类通信,连接人的人。但下一代移动网络。5克将使一种新型的网络,目的是连接几乎所有人所有事都一起包括机器、对象和设备。这将方便实时的信息交换的ever-dynamic操作环境,我们的武装力量在运作。智能战术战斗中的实体的视觉领域包括智能领域需要实现物联网(物联网),可以真正实现5 g网络提供潜在的重要基础设施。
5 g将如何促进当代战争的性质?
今天,全世界的军队正在转动他们的武装力量从传统的“全面战争”的概念提升到了一个新的信息时代的持久竞争的时代。这需要分布式人工智能增强决策能力与我们的决策者在前沿。5 g将支持处理数以百万计的战场物联网传感器产生的数据即时边缘,然后交付所需的信息最好的“射击”和适当的决策者。我们还将看到数据处理在战场的边缘,和传输大量的信息(数据)将补充使用人工智能决策。不必要的添加,所有实体和军方之间的连通性的云将速度信息。当我们迎来了广泛宣传和等待我们的武装部队协同和准备持久的竞争,我们需要引导和利用最早5克。
需要做什么?
试验的5 g网络目前正在进行的由电信服务提供商(茶匙)。信号下的三个服务Officer-in-Chief需要积极整合正在进行的试验中,这样军事特定用例以及可以开发和测试应用程序。然而,即使5 g是普及整个印度在不久的将来,其感应积极开发的武装部队将从5到8年的过去的经验采购延迟决策困境和金融危机。这是一个差距太宽向会议我们的作战需求尤其是北部边境。这一至关重要的差距在此期间需要填写在向前推出基于LTE网络领域的操作股息蜂窝技术最早是可用的军队部署。LTE技术是建立在最有竞争力的价格和印度制造解决方案在市场上都是免费的。移动综合网络终端(薄荷)项目是基于网络的印度军队一盒(笔尖)解决方案的LTE推出之前,需要一个组织动力技术变得过时了。无论怎么看我们应该能够充分利用基于LTE网络最大限度地前5 g是在引入和操作可用三股势力。
简单总结一下,未来的战争将多领域业务的联合部队战斗的一部分我们的剧院的命令。“连接”因此,将是至关重要的态势感知和警察跨所有域。分阶段方法推广我们的蜂窝网络将财务和操作谨慎务实的。首先,早期采用4 g LTE的解决方案应该实现在短期内(1 - 2年);中期(3 - 5年)——一个混合模型使用LTE和5 g可以考虑;和长期(5 - 10年),采用独家5 g / 6 g和超出需要筹划。结合正在进行的武装部队试验用茶匙将有助于发展军民两用技术,解决方案,和应用程序。这些试验可能是基于5 g / 5 gi但在印度的自尊和公认的标准。
(Lt Rajeev Sabherwal将军前信号Officer-in-Chief,印度军队)
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