<\/em>
Mr Nandan Nilekani<\/a> has publicly stated that it is a matter of pride how India has led the vaccine drive with technology and how his good friend RS Sharma has made that possible. Dr Sharma as we enter phase three - it is going to be the largest phase we have seen so far - how prepared are we, what kind of population size are you looking to cover?
<\/strong>RS Sharma: I would certainly like to thank Mr Nandan Nilekani for saying such kind words about me, of course, India has always shown the way in the technology space for about a decade or so. We have created wonderful digital artefacts which are Aadhar, Payment gateway and other tonnes of artefacts so certainly this particular drive could not have been complete unless you have a very robust technology architecture because it is not about just inoculating a couple of million people, we are talking about billions and even if you leave out children and other people it still going to be about 1.5 billion minimum and therefore the only way it could be completed in a flawless manner is to ensure that the same vaccine is inoculated to an individual twice; not that he had been given Covaxin in the first dose and Covishield in the second dose.
So all these kinds of things and the appropriate gap between the two doses etc. Essentially it is a job that cannot be done in a manual manner and that is why we need a robust architecture and I am happy to say that India has built that architecture and this architecture is going to be not only useful in COVID vaccination, it will also be useful for all future endeavours of the country.
As of now, you cannot get an appointment for the second jab on the COVID website even if you look at the slots that are being given. By when are you hoping to refine all of that so we also get hourly slots?
<\/strong>RS Sharma: The first question which is basically getting an appointment for the jab, so what is happening is that the hospitals are publishing their timetables for the vaccination and the usual number of days for which they publish the timetable is about two to three weeks and sometimes the gap proposed is four weeks and now in case of Covishield it is six to eight weeks so that being the case, people will be able to sort out a slot for appointment
If you want to slot an appointment for six weeks in advance, that may be a difficult thing because that kind of visibility is difficult. However, to say that you are not able to schedule is not correct.
In fact, we will be sending the messages to all those people who have got their first dose to tell them that please fix your appointment so that is number one. Number two is that the question about refining the time is also very important, where you have 100 as the capacity of the hospitals. We are currently having morning and afternoon.
Now what was happening earlier is that many hospitals were actually running multiples sites, for example, AIIMS was running about 10 sites, site one, site two etc. We have told them that just have one site and that will probably have the capacity of 1000 and then we will be able to fix hourly things, so that is not a problem at all. We are consolidating the sites and also refining the slot allocation so that there is no crowd at one particular point in time.
Eminent doctors whether it is Dr Naresh Trehan or Dr Randeep Guleria<\/a>, have been talking about the younger age group being the super spreaders. By when do you think the system will be in place and the government will be ready to vaccinate the younger population?
<\/strong>RS Sharma: The question is in a public health policy<\/a> so one has to take the policy decisions<\/a> depending on the vulnerability of the person. The government started with the most vulnerable section of the people which is 60 years plus and, of course, the people with comorbidities between 45 and 60 and now that thing has been sort of enlarged to cover everybody above 45 and you will see these changes as we go along, because ultimately it is a question of how do you spread or how do you begin vulnerability wise rather than beginning overall and then creating confusion at these vaccination centres.
So no timeline has been decided as yet. You first want to finish this large population of 45 years and above and then address the younger population which many doctors think are the super spreaders.
<\/strong>RS Sharma: The decision is not mine, the decision will be of the government. As far as I am concerned, I am certainly cognizant of the fact that whatever the government decides, software-wise there is not going to be any kind of restrictions. But my understanding of the government’s policy is that we began with the most vulnerable group and then we have opened it further and maybe in future, it will be opened up further and as far as the finishing of the thing is concerned, please understand that this is not a compulsory kind of vaccination. It is actually demand-driven in the sense that it is voluntary. So if somebody of 46 years of age does not want to get vaccinated, we cannot really force him. We can try to convince him or her but not force, so therefore there is no such thing called finishing of a particular population like that. But we will certainly see the trends going forward as to what is the demand, how much is the demand and then certainly the government will take a decision to include other groups as well.
You are trying to bring the vaccine wastage down to 1%. Would the corollary of this also mean that we have enough vaccine supply that there are no apprehensions over the supply of the number of vaccines as you look to cover more population?
<\/strong>RS Sharma: The government has made it clear many times that there is no shortage of vaccine. Number two, there is no shortage of capacity. Ultimately it all depends on the demand like how many people turn up to get themselves vaccinated and that is what is important. But I think from a supply-side perspective we are all ready both in terms of the capacity and also in terms of vaccine availability.
The question about wastage is extremely important and the honourable PM also in one of the meetings recently has expressed his concern. Yesterday also when we had a meeting with the states, the health secretary himself expressed the concern, I also kind of emphasized this issue that we should avoid vaccine wastage and take the appropriate steps to increase the capacities, have centres with larger capacities because once you have a larger capacity, then the percentage of the vaccine wastage will automatically come down because at the most one vial of 10 or 20 will be wasted and if you have done about 900 vaccinations, then the percentage is much less so that is how it is going to happen.
What is going to be different about Phase-3 as we are in the middle of a new wave? This time we are seeing that the new phase of vaccination drive coincides with the surge in Covid-19<\/a>. How are you handling that? Are there any special do's and don'ts that the people need to keep in mind when they go to get vaccinated?
<\/strong>RS Sharma: I agree with you that it is a race against time so I think while there are many measures required to be taken to contain the infection with obviously mask and social distancing and other types of Covid appropriate behaviour. At the same time, the speed of vaccination will also play a very important role in containing the infection spread. And by opening it up to everybody of age 45 and above, India has started this third phase of vaccination and we have an adequate supply of vaccines and we have sufficient capacity of hospitals because now we have involved private sector hospitals also. We are going to see a quantum jump in the numbers starting today onwards.
We also are requesting the states to kind of accelerate their efforts and especially the efforts of the private sector hospitals because then we will be able to have a full capacity. And I personally think that we will touch five million a day and it will all depend on how much is the demand and how many people turn up and how many people reserve their slots etc and how many people come for walk-in. But you are going to see a very significant jump and we want to maintain this pace so as to cover our population as early as possible.
No special provisions in the districts, while we are seeing COVID-19 cases rise in cities. What is the reason for this rise in cases?
<\/strong>RS Sharma: I think I did not answer the second part of the question as to what is the appropriate arrangement which we have made at the hospitals so as to ensure that hospitals themselves do not become the centre for spreading the infection. So what we have done in the standard operating procedures which have been prescribed for hospitals is to maintain the social distancing to create appropriate facilities for people to sit there and of course the water and other types of arrangements. There should be arrangements to take care of the adverse effects of the vaccination so that is also one of the important things.
People should be asked to wait for 30 minutes after the vaccination and thereafter they can leave. So those things are actually being arranged and ensured so that the hospitals themselves do not become the spreading centre. Number two, as I answered your first question which is about creating slots, hourly and two-hourly slots depending on the capacity that I think we are going to take care of it within a day or two. You will see on the Covid side for those centres, especially those whose capacity is more than 100 per day to actually see hourly and two-hourly appointment slots.
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疫苗不能做手工的方式,这就是为什么我们需要一个健壮的架构,我高兴地说,印度已经建成,建筑,说RS沙玛现在在采访Nayantara Rai等。编辑摘录:
先生南丹•尼勒卡尼曾公开表示,这是一个骄傲的印度导致疫苗如何驱动技术和他的好朋友RS Sharma使得这成为可能。Sharma博士,当我们进入第三阶段——这将是迄今为止最大的阶段,我们已经看到,我们是如何准备的,什么样的你想覆盖人口规模?
RS沙玛:我肯定会感谢南丹•尼勒卡尼先生对我说这样的话,当然,印度一直显示在大约十年左右的技术空间。我们创造了美好的数字文物Aadhar、支付网关和其他吨文物当然这个特定的驱动不可能是完整的,除非你有一个非常健壮的技术架构,因为它不是关于接种几百万人,我们谈论的是数十亿,甚至如果你离开孩子,别人还会约15亿最低,因此它可以完成的唯一途径以完美的方式是确保同一个人两次疫苗接种;没有,他在第一剂量和Covishield Covaxin第二剂量。
所有这些事情和适当的差距两剂等等。基本上是无法以手工的方式完成的工作,这就是为什么我们需要一个健壮的架构,我高兴地说,印度建立了架构,这个架构是在COVID疫苗不仅有用,它也将是有用的为所有国家的未来努力。
到目前为止,你不能预约第二注射COVID网站即使你看的插槽。当你希望改进的,所以我们也得到每小时槽?
RS沙玛:第一个问题,基本上是获得一个约会注射,所以发生了什么是医院发布的时间表疫苗接种和通常的天数的发布时间表大概是两到三周,有时差距提出了四个星期,现在的Covishield是六到八周,这样的情况下,人们将能够解决任命
如果你想槽预约提前六周,这可能是一个很难的事情,因为这种可见性是很困难的。然而,说你不能安排是不正确的。
事实上,我们会将消息发送到所有那些有第一剂量告诉他们,这是第一个请修复你的约会。二是问题细化时间也是非常重要的,在100年医院的能力。我们目前在上午和下午。
现在发生了什么之前,许多医院实际运行倍数网站,例如,全是运行约10网站,网站,网站两等。我们告诉他们,只有一个网站,1000年可能会有能力,然后我们将能够修复每小时的事情,所以这不是问题。我们还整合网站和精炼槽分配,没有人群在一个特定的时间点。
著名的医生是否Naresh Trehan博士或博士Randeep Guleria,一直在谈论年轻的年龄组是超级传播者。当你认为该系统将在地方政府将准备好年轻人口接种疫苗了吗?
RS沙玛:问题是公共卫生政策所以人的政策决定这取决于人的弱点。政府开始的最脆弱的部分人是60年加和,当然,45至60之间的并存病的人,既然事情已经扩大到涵盖每个人45以上,你会看到这些变化我们沿着,因为最终要解决的问题就是如何传播或你如何开始脆弱明智而不是整体,然后开始在这些疫苗接种中心制造混乱。
所以没有时间决定。你第一次想完成这个大45岁及以上的人口,然后解决年轻的人口,许多医生认为是超级传播者。
RS沙玛:不是我的决定,这个决定将政府的。作为我个人而言,我当然认识到无论政府决定,software-wise不会有任何限制。但我理解政府的政策是我们最脆弱的群体,然后我们开始进一步打开,也许在未来,它将进一步开放,到完成的,请明白,这不是一种强制接种疫苗。它实际上是需求驱动的,它是自愿的。所以如果有人46岁不愿意接种疫苗,我们不能强迫他。我们可以试着说服他或她而不是力量,因此不存在称为完成这样的一个特定的人口。但是我们肯定会看到未来的趋势的需求是什么,需求是多少,然后肯定政府将采取包括其他团体的决定。
你想把疫苗浪费降至1%。的必然结果,这也意味着我们有足够的疫苗供应没有忧虑的供应数量的疫苗你看起来覆盖更多的人口?
RS沙玛:政府已经多次明确表示,没有疫苗短缺。第二,没有能力不足。最终这一切都取决于需求像有多少人出现让自己接种疫苗,是重要的。但是我认为从供给的角度来看我们都准备好了的能力也在疫苗方面的可用性。
关于浪费的问题是非常重要和值得尊敬的点也在最近的一个会议表达了他的担忧。昨日还当我们会见了美国,卫生部长本人表达了担忧,我也强调这个问题,我们应该避免浪费疫苗和采取适当的措施来增加能力,中心有更大的能力,因为一旦你有了一个更大的容量,那么疫苗损耗的比例会自动下降,因为在最一个瓶10或20会浪费,如果你做了大约900疫苗,然后比例要少得多这是它是如何发生的。
关于三期是不同的我们正处于新浪潮?这一次我们看到,接种疫苗的新阶段正值激增Covid-19。你是如何处理?有什么特殊的守则,人们需要记住当他们去接种疫苗吗?
RS沙玛:我同意你的观点,这是一个与时间赛跑所以我认为虽然有很多需要采取措施控制感染明显面具和社会距离和其他类型的Covid适当的行为。同时,疫苗接种的速度也将扮演一个非常重要的角色在包含感染传播。并通过打开每个人的45岁以上,印度已经开始第三阶段的疫苗接种和我们有充足的疫苗供应,我们有足够的能力的医院,因为现在我们也涉及私人医院。我们将看到一个量子跳跃的数字从今天开始。
我们也要求美国加速他们的努力,特别是私营医院的努力因为我们能够有一个完整的能力。我个人认为,我们将联系五百万零一天,这将取决于需求是多少,有多少人,有多少人储备槽等,有多少人在iphone 4。但你会看到增长非常重要,我们要保持这个速度,尽可能早地覆盖我们的人口。
没有特别规定的地区,而我们看到COVID-19病例上升的城市。这个案件上升的原因是什么?
RS沙玛:我想我没有回答的第二部分的问题,什么是适当的安排我们在医院,以确保医院本身不会成为中心传播感染。所以我们所做的标准操作程序中规定了医院是保持社会距离创建适当的设施为人们坐在那里,当然,水和其他类型的安排。应该有安排照顾接种疫苗的副作用,这样也是一个重要的事情。
人们应该要求接种疫苗后等待30分钟,之后他们就可以离开。所以这些东西实际上是被安排,确保医院本身不成为传播中心。2号,我回答你的第一个问题是关于创建槽,每小时和两小时的槽根据能力,我认为我们要照顾这一两天内。您将看到Covid一侧的中心,特别是那些能力超过100每天看到每小时和两小时的预约时间。
先生南丹•尼勒卡尼曾公开表示,这是一个骄傲的印度导致疫苗如何驱动技术和他的好朋友RS Sharma使得这成为可能。Sharma博士,当我们进入第三阶段——这将是迄今为止最大的阶段,我们已经看到,我们是如何准备的,什么样的你想覆盖人口规模?
RS沙玛:我肯定会感谢南丹•尼勒卡尼先生对我说这样的话,当然,印度一直显示在大约十年左右的技术空间。我们创造了美好的数字文物Aadhar、支付网关和其他吨文物当然这个特定的驱动不可能是完整的,除非你有一个非常健壮的技术架构,因为它不是关于接种几百万人,我们谈论的是数十亿,甚至如果你离开孩子,别人还会约15亿最低,因此它可以完成的唯一途径以完美的方式是确保同一个人两次疫苗接种;没有,他在第一剂量和Covishield Covaxin第二剂量。
所有这些事情和适当的差距两剂等等。基本上是无法以手工的方式完成的工作,这就是为什么我们需要一个健壮的架构,我高兴地说,印度建立了架构,这个架构是在COVID疫苗不仅有用,它也将是有用的为所有国家的未来努力。
到目前为止,你不能预约第二注射COVID网站即使你看的插槽。当你希望改进的,所以我们也得到每小时槽?
RS沙玛:第一个问题,基本上是获得一个约会注射,所以发生了什么是医院发布的时间表疫苗接种和通常的天数的发布时间表大概是两到三周,有时差距提出了四个星期,现在的Covishield是六到八周,这样的情况下,人们将能够解决任命
如果你想槽预约提前六周,这可能是一个很难的事情,因为这种可见性是很困难的。然而,说你不能安排是不正确的。
事实上,我们会将消息发送到所有那些有第一剂量告诉他们,这是第一个请修复你的约会。二是问题细化时间也是非常重要的,在100年医院的能力。我们目前在上午和下午。
现在发生了什么之前,许多医院实际运行倍数网站,例如,全是运行约10网站,网站,网站两等。我们告诉他们,只有一个网站,1000年可能会有能力,然后我们将能够修复每小时的事情,所以这不是问题。我们还整合网站和精炼槽分配,没有人群在一个特定的时间点。
著名的医生是否Naresh Trehan博士或博士Randeep Guleria,一直在谈论年轻的年龄组是超级传播者。当你认为该系统将在地方政府将准备好年轻人口接种疫苗了吗?
RS沙玛:问题是公共卫生政策所以人的政策决定这取决于人的弱点。政府开始的最脆弱的部分人是60年加和,当然,45至60之间的并存病的人,既然事情已经扩大到涵盖每个人45以上,你会看到这些变化我们沿着,因为最终要解决的问题就是如何传播或你如何开始脆弱明智而不是整体,然后开始在这些疫苗接种中心制造混乱。
所以没有时间决定。你第一次想完成这个大45岁及以上的人口,然后解决年轻的人口,许多医生认为是超级传播者。
RS沙玛:不是我的决定,这个决定将政府的。作为我个人而言,我当然认识到无论政府决定,software-wise不会有任何限制。但我理解政府的政策是我们最脆弱的群体,然后我们开始进一步打开,也许在未来,它将进一步开放,到完成的,请明白,这不是一种强制接种疫苗。它实际上是需求驱动的,它是自愿的。所以如果有人46岁不愿意接种疫苗,我们不能强迫他。我们可以试着说服他或她而不是力量,因此不存在称为完成这样的一个特定的人口。但是我们肯定会看到未来的趋势的需求是什么,需求是多少,然后肯定政府将采取包括其他团体的决定。
你想把疫苗浪费降至1%。的必然结果,这也意味着我们有足够的疫苗供应没有忧虑的供应数量的疫苗你看起来覆盖更多的人口?
RS沙玛:政府已经多次明确表示,没有疫苗短缺。第二,没有能力不足。最终这一切都取决于需求像有多少人出现让自己接种疫苗,是重要的。但是我认为从供给的角度来看我们都准备好了的能力也在疫苗方面的可用性。
关于浪费的问题是非常重要和值得尊敬的点也在最近的一个会议表达了他的担忧。昨日还当我们会见了美国,卫生部长本人表达了担忧,我也强调这个问题,我们应该避免浪费疫苗和采取适当的措施来增加能力,中心有更大的能力,因为一旦你有了一个更大的容量,那么疫苗损耗的比例会自动下降,因为在最一个瓶10或20会浪费,如果你做了大约900疫苗,然后比例要少得多这是它是如何发生的。
关于三期是不同的我们正处于新浪潮?这一次我们看到,接种疫苗的新阶段正值激增Covid-19。你是如何处理?有什么特殊的守则,人们需要记住当他们去接种疫苗吗?
RS沙玛:我同意你的观点,这是一个与时间赛跑所以我认为虽然有很多需要采取措施控制感染明显面具和社会距离和其他类型的Covid适当的行为。同时,疫苗接种的速度也将扮演一个非常重要的角色在包含感染传播。并通过打开每个人的45岁以上,印度已经开始第三阶段的疫苗接种和我们有充足的疫苗供应,我们有足够的能力的医院,因为现在我们也涉及私人医院。我们将看到一个量子跳跃的数字从今天开始。
我们也要求美国加速他们的努力,特别是私营医院的努力因为我们能够有一个完整的能力。我个人认为,我们将联系五百万零一天,这将取决于需求是多少,有多少人,有多少人储备槽等,有多少人在iphone 4。但你会看到增长非常重要,我们要保持这个速度,尽可能早地覆盖我们的人口。
没有特别规定的地区,而我们看到COVID-19病例上升的城市。这个案件上升的原因是什么?
RS沙玛:我想我没有回答的第二部分的问题,什么是适当的安排我们在医院,以确保医院本身不会成为中心传播感染。所以我们所做的标准操作程序中规定了医院是保持社会距离创建适当的设施为人们坐在那里,当然,水和其他类型的安排。应该有安排照顾接种疫苗的副作用,这样也是一个重要的事情。
人们应该要求接种疫苗后等待30分钟,之后他们就可以离开。所以这些东西实际上是被安排,确保医院本身不成为传播中心。2号,我回答你的第一个问题是关于创建槽,每小时和两小时的槽根据能力,我认为我们要照顾这一两天内。您将看到Covid一侧的中心,特别是那些能力超过100每天看到每小时和两小时的预约时间。
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