![\"<p>Amazon](\"\/\/www.iser-br.com\/Themes\/Release\/images\/responsive\/ettelecom-default.jpg\")
A major outage in Amazon<\/a>'s cloud computing network Tuesday severely disrupted services at a wide range of U.S. companies for hours, raising questions about the vulnerability of the internet<\/a> and its concentration in the hands of a few firms.
HOW DID IT HAPPEN?<\/strong>
Amazon has still said nothing about what, exactly, went wrong. The company limited its communications Tuesday to terse technical explanations on an Amazon Web Services<\/a> dashboard and a brief statement delivered via spokesperson Richard Rocha that acknowledged the outage had affected Amazon's own warehouse and delivery operations but said the company was \"working to resolve the issue as quickly as possible.\" It didn't immediately respond to further questions Wednesday.
The incident at Amazon Web Services mostly affected the eastern U.S., but still impacted everything from airline reservations and auto dealerships to payment apps and video streaming services to Amazon's own massive e-commerce operation.
WHAT IS AWS<\/a>?<\/strong>
Amazon Web Services is a cloud-service operation - it stores its customers' data, runs their online activities and more - and a huge profit center for Amazon. It holds roughly 40% of the $64 billion global cloud infrastructure market, a larger share than its closest rivals Microsoft, Alibaba and Google, combined, according to research firm Gartner.
It was formerly run by Amazon CEO Andy Jassy, who succeeded founder Jeff Bezos<\/a> in July.
TOO MANY EGGS IN ONE BASKET?<\/strong>
Some cybersecurity experts have warned for years about the potentially ugly consequences of allowing a handful of big tech companies to dominate key internet operations.
\"The latest AWS outage is a prime example of the danger of centralized network infrastructure,\" said Sean O'Brien, a visiting lecturer in cybersecurity at Yale Law School. \"Though most people browsing the internet or using an app don't know it, Amazon is baked into most of the apps and websites they use each day.\" O'Brien said it's important to build a new network model that resembles the peer-to-peer roots of the early internet. Big outages have already knocked huge swaths of the world offline, as happened during an October Facebook incident.
Even under the current model, companies do have some options to split their services between different cloud providers, although it can be complicated, or to at least make sure they can move their services to a different region run by the same provider. Tuesday's outage mostly affected Amazon's \"US East 1\" region.
\"Which means if you had critical systems only available in that region, you were in trouble,\" said Servaas Verbiest, lead cloud evangelist at Sungard Availability Services. \"If you heavily embraced the AWS ecosystem and are locked into using solely their services and functions, you must ensure you balance your workloads between regions.\"
HASN'T THIS HAPPENED BEFORE?<\/strong>
Yes. The last major AWS outage was in November 2020. There have been been numerous other disruptive and lengthy internet outages involving other providers. In June, the behind-the-scenes content distributor Fastly suffered a failure that briefly took down dozens of major internet sites including CNN, The New York Times and Britain's government home page. Another that month affected provider Akamai during peak business hours in Asia in June.
In the October outage, Facebook - now known as Meta Platforms - blamed a \"faulty configuration change\" for an hours-long worldwide outage that took down Instagram and WhatsApp in addition to its titular platform.
WHAT ABOUT THE GOVERNMENT?<\/strong>
It was unclear how, or whether, Tuesday's outage affected governments, but many of them also rely on Amazon and its rivals.
Among the most influential organizations to rethink its approach of depending on a single cloud provider was the Pentagon, which in July canceled a disputed cloud-computing contract with Microsoft that could eventually have been worth $10 billion. It will instead pursue a deal with both Microsoft and Amazon and possibly other cloud service providers such as Google, Oracle and IBM.
The National Security Agency earlier this year awarded Amazon a contract with a potential estimated value of $10 billion to be the sole manager of the NSA's own migration to cloud computing. The contract is known by its agency code name \"Wild and Stormy.\" The General Accountability Office in October sustained a bid protest by Microsoft, finding that certain parts of the NSA's decision were \"unreasonable,\" although the full decision is classified.
(Nomaan Merchant contributed to this report)<\/em>
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是什么导致了亚马逊的停机?会有更多的吗?
机器人吸尘器不会开始。门铃相机停止看包的小偷,尽管其中一些交付被取消。Netflix和迪斯尼电影打断了麻烦和美联社发布了消息。乐动扑克
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的主要故障亚马逊周二的云计算网络严重中断服务范围广泛的美国公司几个小时,质疑的脆弱性互联网及其集中在少数几家公司的手中。
它是怎么发生的?
亚马逊仍什么也没说什么,确切地说,他错了。其通信有限公司周二在一个简洁的技术解释亚马逊网络服务仪表板和通过发言人理查德•罗查发表了简短的声明,承认故障影响了Amazon自己的仓库和运输业务,但表示公司正在“努力尽快解决这个问题。”It didn't immediately respond to further questions Wednesday.
这起事件在亚马逊网络服务主要影响了美国东部,但仍然影响从机票预订和汽车经销商付款应用程序和视频服务,亚马逊的大规模电子商务操作。
是什么AWS吗?
亚马逊网络服务是一个云服务操作,它存储客户数据,运行他们的在线活动和更多的亚马逊,一个巨大的利润中心。它拥有大约40%的640亿美元全球云基础设施市场,比最接近的竞争对手微软更大份额,阿里巴巴和谷歌,相结合,根据市场研究公司Gartner。
这是以前由亚马逊CEO安迪雅西,接替创始人杰夫·贝佐斯在7月。
太多的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里吗?
多年来,一些网络安全专家已经警告潜在的丑陋的后果让少数大型科技公司主导互联网业务的关键。
“最新AWS中断是一个典型的例子的危险集中的网络基础设施,”肖恩·奥布莱恩说,耶鲁法学院客座讲师网络安全。“尽管大多数人浏览互联网或使用一个应用程序不知道,亚马逊烤成大多数他们所使用的应用程序和网站每一天。”O'Brien said it's important to build a new network model that resembles the peer-to-peer roots of the early internet. Big outages have already knocked huge swaths of the world offline, as happened during an October Facebook incident.
甚至在当前模式下,公司确实有一些选项不同的云提供者之间的分裂他们的服务,虽然它可以复杂,或至少确保他们可以移动到一个不同的地区运行的服务提供者。周二的故障主要影响亚马逊的“美国东部1”地区。
“这意味着如果你有关键系统只能在该地区,你遇到了麻烦,”说Servaas Verbiest,铅云传道者在Sungard可用性服务。“如果你接受了AWS生态系统和使用完全锁在他们的服务和功能,你必须确保你平衡你的工作负载之间的地区。”
没有发生过吗?
是的。2020年11月最后一个主要AWS宕机。有很多其他破坏性和冗长的涉及其他提供商的网络中断。今年6月,幕后的内容快速经销商遭受失败,主要简要记下了许多网站包括CNN,纽约时报和英国政府主页。另一个月影响提供者Akamai业务高峰期在6月份在亚洲。
在10月停机,Facebook——现在被称为元平台——指责“错误的配置更改”全球一小时停机,切断了Instagram, WhatsApp除了名义上的平台。
政府呢?
目前尚不清楚如何或是否,周二的停机影响政府,但他们中的许多人还依靠亚马逊和其竞争对手。
中最具影响力的组织重新考虑这种方法取决于一个云提供商是五角大楼,它取消了争议与微软云计算合同7月,最终可能价值100亿美元。它将追求处理微软和亚马逊和可能其他云服务提供商,如谷歌、甲骨文和IBM。
国家安全局今年早些时候获得亚马逊的潜在估计价值100亿美元的合同是唯一的国家安全局的迁移到云计算。合同以机构代号“野生和暴风雨的。”The General Accountability Office in October sustained a bid protest by Microsoft, finding that certain parts of the NSA's decision were "unreasonable," although the full decision is classified.
(Nomaan商人对此报道亦有贡献)
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