利用卫星通信推动移动和WiFi回程
Ramachandran说:“现在只需要确保国家最高通信政策制定机构，即数字通信委员会，接受TRAI建议，使基于卫星的蜂窝和WiFi回程成为所有运营商的主流服务，使农村消费者和行业受益。”
Tele-Talk来自我们受人尊敬的行业领袖小组的新鲜拍摄，深入分析和意见
Backhaul is a crucial network element: Mobile telecommunications are the preferred mode of communication in both developing and developed economies and mobile technologies have evolved from 2G to 3G to 4G and recently to even 5G. These generations have successively enhanced considerably the data capability in the small sub-networks at the edge of the network, i.e., between the mobile handset or customer device and the nearest cellsite. With this, the aggregated data traffic at a cellsite from all the connected devices has become heavier and heavier. This aggregated traffic from several nodes\/sites in a cluster is taken to a point of aggregation from where it is backhauled to the BSC or Node B or directly to the Core Network. Typically, in the case of 2G and 3G Networks, the traffic at the aggregation node was of the order of tens of MB (Mega bytes). Hence this requirement could be satisfactorily managed by Microwave technologies. In the case of 4G\/LTE Networks, the typical traffic capacity required at the point of aggregation was a few hundreds of MB. To manage this, optic fibre backhaul had to be introduced in more locations. With the advent of 5G, the backhaul capacities are expected to be of the order of GB (Giga bytes) and this would necessitate about 80% of the cellsites to be fiberized.
However, the challenge would come in the rural and difficult-to-access areas where it is extremely difficult to roll out terrestrial technologies and these are not also techno-economically feasible. It is here that Satcom can play a vital role as it does not have to contend with such issues. In today\u2019s world, the importance of satellite communications, especially for mobile backhaul cannot be overstated.
There are similar challenges for the proliferation of Public WiFi Hotspots, which is direly required in India since we have less than 1% of the global norm for such hotspots. 70% of India being rural, this becomes a golden opportunity to serve the WiFi backhaul needs through satellite.
Unfortunately, when the word satellite is mentioned, everyone views it erroneously as an intrinsically expensive solution or technology in the context of the overall telco ecosystem. Most do not realise that as one rolls out a terrestrial network to more and more remote and difficult to access areas, the costs go up exponentially and that is why operators do not find it economical to service those areas. Due to this, satcom becomes increasingly a viable and cost-effective solution for mobile backhaul in such areas. With the recent TEC\/DoT specification for satcom modernising the situation through permission for the use of highly advanced satcom technologies, viz. HTS (High Throughput Satellites), all orbital categories of satellites \u2013 GSOs and NGSOs, new spectrum bands \u2013 Ka, Q and other bands, modern antennas, no cap on data speeds etc., soon cost-effective offerings would become possible. It should be noted that the Hon\u2019ble TRAI\u2019s Recommendations to Licensor to grant permission to satcom for Mobile and WiFi backhaul have already been provisioned in the new specifications, after exhaustive studies and deep Consultations.
The above action of Government would help boost broadband penetration expeditiously through satellites all over India. Many of the top economies of the world viz. USA, China, Canada, Japan, Germany, UK, France, Italy, Brazil, etc. use Broadband from Communication Satellites. The USA, despite being one of the most wired broadband countries, with also close to 80% fiberisation of towers, has one of the the highest rates of deployment of Satellite based broadband. India, with its huge geographic spread, inaccessible terrains, remote villages and huge challenges of Right of Way (RoW), needs Satellite broadband many times more than several of these named countries.
The table below shows the Number of Satcom Connections\/Mn POP \u2013 Comparison of India vis-\u00e0-vis Other Developed Countries. We are only one-third of Asia and lag way behind the USA and EU, which, though highly fiberized regimes, are 70 and 20 times the satcom connectivity of India.
Country\/Region<\/strong><\/td> | TOTAL No. OF SATELLITE CONSUMERS <\/strong> | (Direct Consumers) in Mn<\/strong><\/td> TOTAL No. OF SATELLITE CONSUMERS <\/strong> | (Enterprise Consumers) <\/strong> in Mn<\/strong><\/td> TOTAL No. OF CONSUMERS<\/strong> | (including Direct + Enterprise)<\/strong> in Mn<\/strong><\/td> POPULATION<\/strong> | in Mn<\/strong><\/td> TOTAL No. OF SATELLITE CONNECTIONS per Mn POP<\/strong><\/td> <\/tr> | US<\/strong><\/td> | 2.1<\/td> | 2.6<\/td> | 4.7<\/td> | 330<\/td> | 0.0140<\/td> <\/tr> | EU<\/strong><\/td> | 1.0<\/td> | 1.1<\/td> | 2.1<\/td> | 450<\/td> | 0.0040<\/td> <\/tr> | Asia (incl. China, Japan, Korea & India)<\/strong><\/td> | 1.4<\/td> | 1.6<\/td> | 3.0<\/td> | 4500<\/td> | 0.0006<\/td> <\/tr> | India<\/strong><\/td> | NIL<\/td> | 0.3<\/td> | 0.3<\/td> | 1300<\/td> | 0.0002<\/td> <\/tr> <\/tbody> <\/table> | Satcom Connections\/Mn POP \u2013 Comparison of India vis-\u00e0-vis Other Developed Countries<\/strong><\/em> (Source: NSR 2019 www.nsr.com & TRAI Subscription Data for India December 2019)<\/strong><\/em> While cellular backhauling is a highly important use case of satellite connectivity, with proven effectiveness in extending the reach of mobile connectivity to rural and remote areas, the advances in mobile technologies with the advent of 5G brings about new promising and innovative use cases for satellite connectivity. The earlier mentioned new TEC Standard \/Specifications for Interface Requirements for Fixed Satellite Services demolish the erstwhile artificial restrictions on carrier speeds, data rates, antenna sizes, use of Ka Band, etc. This shall now pave the way for supporting all types of Cellular and WiFi Backhaul requirements in future. As per global estimates, one in every four USD in Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) satellite capacity revenues will be generated from 5G by the end of the decade. With 3GPP also including in its 5G specifications, the NR 5G radio interface that can connect to satellites directly, thus, going forward, we can expect market for an integrated satellite and terrestrial network infrastructure in the context of 5G. These developments also point towards the convergence of terrestrial and Satellite services. With the emergence of high capacity satellites viz. HTS and the low latency\/high bandwidth satellite communication services envisaged using LEO and MEOs, the challenge of cellular connectivity in rural, remote and geographically challenged terrains would also get solved, thereby laying the foundation of a truly ubiquitous, affordable and quality broadband network everywhere aligned to Hon\u2019ble PM\u2019s vision of Digital India and Broadband for All. It only remains to secure the acceptance of the TRAI Recommendations by the highest policy making body in the country in communications, namely, the Digital Communications Commission, for enabling satellite based cellular & WiFi backhaul as a mainstream service for all operators benefiting rural consumers as well as the industry.","blog_img":"","posted_date":"2021-06-30 14:22:11","modified_date":"2021-06-30 15:22:36","featured":"0","status":"Y","seo_title":"Leveraging Satcom to propel mobile & WiFi backhaul","seo_url":"leveraging-satcom-to-propel-mobile-wifi-backhaul","url":"\/\/www.iser-br.com\/tele-talk\/leveraging-satcom-to-propel-mobile-wifi-backhaul\/4993","url_seo":"leveraging-satcom-to-propel-mobile-wifi-backhaul"}">
奥斯卡·王尔德(Oscar Wilde)在感叹“如今无用的信息如此之少，这是一件非常可悲的事情”时，一定是在思考我们当今所面临的挑战。我们确实面临着越来越多的数据泛滥，不管我们喜欢与否，大多数数据都非常有价值，必须被捕获、携带或“带回”处理中心，以从中提取价值。
回程是一个至关重要的网络元素:移动通信是发展中经济体和发达经济体首选的通信方式，移动技术已经从2G发展到3G，再到4G，最近甚至发展到5G。这些新一代相继大大增强了网络边缘的小型子网络中的数据能力，即移动手持设备或客户设备与最近的蜂窝基站之间的子网络。因此，来自所有连接设备的蜂窝站点聚合数据流量变得越来越重。来自集群中多个节点/站点的聚合流量被带到一个聚合点，从那里返回到BSC或节点B或直接到核心网络。通常，在2G和3G网络的情况下，聚合节点上的流量为数十MB(兆字节)量级。因此，微波技术可以满足这一要求。在4G/LTE网络的情况下，在聚合点所需的典型流量容量为几百MB。为了管理这一点，必须在更多的位置引入光纤回程。随着5G的到来，回程容量预计将达到GB(千兆字节)量级，这将需要大约80%的蜂窝点进行光纤化。 然而，挑战将出现在农村和难以进入的地区，在这些地区推广地面技术极其困难，而且这些技术在技术和经济上也不可行。正是在这里卫星通信可以发挥至关重要的作用，因为它不必与这些问题作斗争。在当今世界，卫星通信，特别是移动回程的重要性怎么强调都不为过。 公共WiFi热点的普及也面临着类似的挑战，这在印度是非常必要的，因为我们的公共WiFi热点不足全球标准的1%。印度70%的人口是农村，这是一个通过卫星服务WiFi回程需求的黄金机会。 不幸的是，当提到卫星这个词时，在整个电信生态系统的背景下，每个人都错误地将其视为本质上昂贵的解决方案或技术。大多数人没有意识到，随着地面网络推广到越来越偏远和难以接入的地区，成本将呈指数级上升，这就是运营商发现为这些地区提供服务不经济的原因。因此，卫星通信越来越成为一个可行的和具有成本效益的解决方案，移动回程在这些地区。随着最近的TEC/DoT卫星通信规范通过允许使用高度先进的卫星通信技术，即HTS(高通量卫星)，所有轨道类别的卫星- GSOs和NGSOs，新频谱- Ka, Q和其他频段，现代天线，对数据速度没有上限等，很快就可以提供具有成本效益的产品。值得注意的是，Hon 'ble火车在经过详尽的研究和深入的咨询后，华为向许可方提出的关于授予移动和WiFi回程卫星通信许可的建议已经在新规范中规定。 政府的上述行动将有助于通过印度各地的卫星迅速提高宽带普及率。世界上许多顶级经济体，如美国、中国、加拿大、日本、德国、英国、法国、意大利、巴西等，都使用通信卫星宽带。尽管美国是有线宽带最发达的国家之一，发射塔的光纤率也接近80%，但美国是卫星宽带部署率最高的国家之一。印度地理分布广阔，地形难以接近，村庄偏远，路权挑战巨大，对卫星宽带的需求是上述几个国家的数倍。 下表显示了卫星通信连接数量/Mn POP -印度与-à-vis其他发达国家的比较。我们只占亚洲的三分之一，远远落后于美国和欧盟，尽管它们的政权高度纤维化，但它们的经济总量是亚洲的70和20倍卫星通信连接印度。
卫星通信连接/Mn POP -印度与-à-vis其他发达国家的比较 (来源:NSR 2019 www.nsr.com和TRAI 2019年12月印度订阅数据) 虽然蜂窝回传是卫星连接的一个非常重要的用例，在将移动连接的覆盖范围扩展到农村和偏远地区方面已被证明是有效的，但随着5G的到来，移动技术的进步为卫星连接带来了新的有前景和创新的用例。前面提到的新的TEC固定卫星业务接口要求标准/规范取消了以前对载波速度、数据速率、天线尺寸、Ka波段使用等的人为限制。这将为未来支持所有类型的蜂窝和WiFi回程需求铺平道路。 根据全球估计，到2020年，5G将产生固定卫星服务(FSS)卫星容量收入的四分之一。由于3GPP还在其5G规范中包括了可以直接连接到卫星的NR 5G无线电接口，因此，展望未来，我们可以预期5G背景下集成的卫星和地面网络基础设施的市场。这些发展也指向地面和卫星服务的融合。随着高容量卫星(即HTS)的出现以及使用LEO和meo设想的低延迟/高带宽卫星通信服务的出现，农村、偏远和地理地形的蜂窝连接挑战也将得到解决，从而为真正无处不在、负担得起和高质量的宽带网络奠定基础，这与Hon 'ble PM的数字印度和全民宽带愿景一致。 它只需要确保国家最高决策机构接受TRAI的建议，即通信数字通信委员会，使基于卫星的蜂窝和WiFi回程成为所有运营商的主流服务，使农村消费者以及行业． 免责声明:所表达的观点仅代表作者，ETTelecom.com并不一定订阅它。乐动体育1002乐动体育乐动娱乐招聘乐动娱乐招聘乐动体育1002乐动体育etelecom.com不对直接或间接对任何人/组织造成的任何损害负责。 Backhaul is a crucial network element: Mobile telecommunications are the preferred mode of communication in both developing and developed economies and mobile technologies have evolved from 2G to 3G to 4G and recently to even 5G. These generations have successively enhanced considerably the data capability in the small sub-networks at the edge of the network, i.e., between the mobile handset or customer device and the nearest cellsite. With this, the aggregated data traffic at a cellsite from all the connected devices has become heavier and heavier. This aggregated traffic from several nodes\/sites in a cluster is taken to a point of aggregation from where it is backhauled to the BSC or Node B or directly to the Core Network. Typically, in the case of 2G and 3G Networks, the traffic at the aggregation node was of the order of tens of MB (Mega bytes). Hence this requirement could be satisfactorily managed by Microwave technologies. In the case of 4G\/LTE Networks, the typical traffic capacity required at the point of aggregation was a few hundreds of MB. To manage this, optic fibre backhaul had to be introduced in more locations. With the advent of 5G, the backhaul capacities are expected to be of the order of GB (Giga bytes) and this would necessitate about 80% of the cellsites to be fiberized. However, the challenge would come in the rural and difficult-to-access areas where it is extremely difficult to roll out terrestrial technologies and these are not also techno-economically feasible. It is here that Satcom can play a vital role as it does not have to contend with such issues. In today\u2019s world, the importance of satellite communications, especially for mobile backhaul cannot be overstated. There are similar challenges for the proliferation of Public WiFi Hotspots, which is direly required in India since we have less than 1% of the global norm for such hotspots. 70% of India being rural, this becomes a golden opportunity to serve the WiFi backhaul needs through satellite. Unfortunately, when the word satellite is mentioned, everyone views it erroneously as an intrinsically expensive solution or technology in the context of the overall telco ecosystem. Most do not realise that as one rolls out a terrestrial network to more and more remote and difficult to access areas, the costs go up exponentially and that is why operators do not find it economical to service those areas. Due to this, satcom becomes increasingly a viable and cost-effective solution for mobile backhaul in such areas. With the recent TEC\/DoT specification for satcom modernising the situation through permission for the use of highly advanced satcom technologies, viz. HTS (High Throughput Satellites), all orbital categories of satellites \u2013 GSOs and NGSOs, new spectrum bands \u2013 Ka, Q and other bands, modern antennas, no cap on data speeds etc., soon cost-effective offerings would become possible. It should be noted that the Hon\u2019ble TRAI\u2019s Recommendations to Licensor to grant permission to satcom for Mobile and WiFi backhaul have already been provisioned in the new specifications, after exhaustive studies and deep Consultations. The above action of Government would help boost broadband penetration expeditiously through satellites all over India. Many of the top economies of the world viz. USA, China, Canada, Japan, Germany, UK, France, Italy, Brazil, etc. use Broadband from Communication Satellites. The USA, despite being one of the most wired broadband countries, with also close to 80% fiberisation of towers, has one of the the highest rates of deployment of Satellite based broadband. India, with its huge geographic spread, inaccessible terrains, remote villages and huge challenges of Right of Way (RoW), needs Satellite broadband many times more than several of these named countries. The table below shows the Number of Satcom Connections\/Mn POP \u2013 Comparison of India vis-\u00e0-vis Other Developed Countries. We are only one-third of Asia and lag way behind the USA and EU, which, though highly fiberized regimes, are 70 and 20 times the satcom connectivity of India.
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